3000 kg high-yield cultivation technology per hectare of cotton

Yuli County is a famous cotton planting county in Xinjiang. The cotton production in 2002 and 2003 has seen a significant increase in the production level for two consecutive years, which has broken the highest record in cotton planting history in this county. In 2002, the county had a total cotton planting area of ​​19,000 hectares, with an average yield of 1855.5 kg/ha, of which an area of ​​2250 kg per unit area was 0.7 million hectares, an area of ​​2700 kg per unit area was 610.1 hectares, and a yield of 3,000 hectares was 100 hectares. In 2003, the county's total cotton planting area was 20,600 hectares, with an average yield of 1,902 kg/ha, of which an area of ​​2,250 kg per unit area was 0.99 million hectares, an area of ​​2,700 kg per unit was 775.1 hectares, and an area of ​​3,000 kg per unit was 163.6 Hectares. Compared with 2001, the unit production level in 2002 increased by 9.5%, and the total output increased by 14.5%; in 2003, the unit production level increased by 11.8%, and the total output increased by 22.7%. After research and analysis, we summarized the following points in cultivation techniques: 1. Selection of good varieties Suitable for the ecological environment, production management and cultivation conditions of the cotton fields in Yuli County. Early, medium-maturing, high-yield, compact plant types, and small leaves Cultivate, suitable for close planting, hard stem is not easy to lodging, lateral vegetative branches are not easy to occur, growth is stable, concentration of boll-opening, simple field operation, high lint percentage, and good fiber quality. In this county, high-yield varieties with the above characteristics include anti-insect cotton series (9, 33B, 冀-668), Zhongmian 35, Zhongmian 41 and so on. These fine varieties usually weigh about 5 grams in a single boll in the yili area. , Clothes more than 40%, concentrated boils, leaves are not easy to break, Lei Ling is not easy to fall off (loss rate of about 50%, up to 60%), the fibers of the seed points less, hard seeds. It also has the advantages of slow growth in the early stage, rapid growth in the middle and late stages, and sensitivity to the conditions of the dilute amine and fertilizer and water, and high flower rate before frost. Second, high-density configuration cultivation Through the test, demonstration, promotion summary, suitable for the cotton area of ​​high-yield high-density row spacing configuration: 140 cm wide film-film four lines (55+30+45+309.5-11 cm), the theoretical number of 255,000 strains / Hectare; 140 centimeters wide and one membrane with five rows, with an average spacing of 3512.5 centimeters, theoretical number of 240,000/ha. Such a high-density arrangement will result in 3,000 kg/ha of high-yielding farmland with moderate to medium-level fertility. The actual number of harvested trees in middle- or middle-upper fertile fields will be between 22.5 and 240,000/ha. The superior fertility fields are suitable for 18 to 210,000 plants/hectare, and the spacing arrangement of the plant can still retain the original configuration of 140 cm wide membranes and four membranes (55+30+45+3012.5 cm). That is, the number of harvested plants is increased by 40% to 50% based on the original density. Third, promote the use of formula fertilization in the target yield of 3,000 kg / ha high-yield field re-basal fertilizer, organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer should not less than 30 tons / hectare or pure sheep manure, oil residue 1.5 to 3 tons, 150 kg of potassium sulfate, 450 kg of phosphoric acid diamine and 300 kg of urea were used as deep-rooted basal fertilizers. 300 kg of urea were used as topdressing for flower and bell fertilizers. Deep-grooves were applied before dihydrate and trihydrate, and the depth was 10 to 15 cm to reduce the volatilization of nitrogen. Utilization rate. During the boll period, secondary foliar fertilizers were sprayed in high-yield fields to increase the boll weight. Fourth, adhere to the principle of “early, light, diligent, and alive” and timely control of irrigation and water control technology to master the principle of “early, light, diligent, and alive”, and avoid using many times less. Generally, 4 to 5 leaf phases should be timely adjusted. The amount of diaminosamines should be 7.5 to 12 g/ha. Seedlings should be promoted under the regulation of seedling stage. Roots and seedlings should be promoted. After each 3 leaf ages, they should be controlled once and lightly before and after the dosage. , before the prosperous. In the better water supply, the amount of D-glotamine in the cotton field is relatively high, and the budding period is controlled to prevent prosperous growth, control vegetative growth, shape the individual plant type, and reduce shedding. The flower and boll seasons prevent hollowing, coordinate the elongation of fruit branches, improve the ecological conditions in the field, increase the rate of ringing, and increase the boll weight. The full-time adjustment of 4 to 5 times, according to the situation of the seedlings, climate and fertilizer situation in due course. The amount of 225 ~ 315 g / ha. Among them, the high-yield cultivars of the insect-resistant cotton series are more sensitive to the diminutive amines, and the total amount should be 200-250 g/ha. Plant height 6 to 70 cm, 13 to 15 leaves is appropriate, to maintain the number of fruit branches 10 to 11 units, 6 to 8 per plant into the bell, internode control in about 6 cm, and to maintain evenly between the nodes. If control measures are not put in place before and after budding and before each irrigation, it will form a madman in the middle and late periods, shaded and hollowed out, resulting in reduced production and failure to achieve high yield goals. The headwaters of high-yield fields should be timely and appropriate, and they should be subject to furrow irrigation. Because the groups of high-yield fields are relatively large, the headwaters should not be poured late to avoid the phenomenon of early drought. Generally, the headwaters must be used for irrigation before flowering, and the second water should be used after the headwaters. 7 to 10 days, the interval between the two waters and the three waters may be slightly longer to avoid hollowing out of the cotton. The high-yield fields are generally irrigated 4 to 5 times, and the end-of-water bolls should end on August 15-20. The amount of headwater filling should be 900 cubic meters per hectare, the amount of dihydrate filling should be 1050 cubic meters, and the amount of water in Sanshui and later should be 1200 cubic meters. V. Comprehensive pest control (1) The fall winter irrigation, shoveling and removing earthworms can inhibit the wintering base of various pests and diseases, reducing the amount of occurrence in the second year. (2) Apply seed coating technology and introduce and promote excellent stress-resistant varieties. (3) Use of Jiaduo Frequency Trembler Grid Lamps. According to the report, the opening of the lamp at the peak of the moth pest can kill a large number of adults of the bollworm and other moth pests. (4) Strengthen management. Scientific and rational formula fertilization to reduce the incidence. When the cotton is topped and pruned, the top concentration is brought out of the field to eliminate some eggs and larvae. (5) Adopting biological control measures to protect natural enemies and bring into full play the role of using grass to cultivate and harm, and harm and benefit, and benefit to control and harm. (6) Scientifically using chemical defense technology, spotting pests and diseases in the cotton field, according to the situation, spotting prevention and control, irrigation without string irrigation, strict prevention and control indicators of various pests and diseases, avoid blindly applying chemical pesticides. Sixth, to strengthen the late field tube in the latter part of the growth of cotton, topping is about five days ahead of the ordinary cotton fields, strictly follow the principle of "When the branch is not equal, when it does not wait for the branch". Beginning around July 10; after August 5th, artificially cut empty fruit branches, hit group tips, remove old leaves, wipe axillary buds and push strains and ridges, etc. to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of cotton fields. Promoting plant type regulation and sitting in the lower part of the peach, prevent rotten peach, reduce the rate of escape of the bell, improve the quality of cotton, promote early boils, premature. Through reasonable field management, strive for the best ratio of three peaches, the ratio of the best three peaches in high density and high yield cultivation is 6:3:1.

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