The optimal time for transplanting camphor trees is during the budding season, when the survival rate is at its highest—typically 10 to 15 days before and after Qingming. This period ensures that the tree has enough energy to recover from the transplant process. Below, we outline the transplantation methods and key technical measures to ensure successful results.
**First, Transplantation Methods**
1. **Dry Method**: This technique is commonly used for large camphor trees with a trunk diameter of 10 cm or more. Since these trees are often grown in place year-round, their root systems are extensive and deep, and their canopies are large, making them difficult to move. The benefits include easier lifting and transport, reduced water and nutrient loss through leaves, and better control over branch height. However, this method may result in an unattractive appearance initially, and it may take over two years for the tree to regain its full shape.
2. **Root-Reduction Method**: This involves cutting back the roots of trees scheduled for transplanting while maintaining the basic structure of the tree. The root-cutting area should be five times the diameter of the trunk. After sawing the coarse roots, apply a 0.1% naphthalene acetic acid solution to the cut areas and cover with soil. After two years, the tree can be transplanted. This method offers a higher survival rate and faster recovery, along with better immediate greenery effects. However, it requires a longer time frame and greater investment.
3. **Transplanting with Crown**: This method keeps the original canopy intact, typically used when immediate visual impact is needed. It’s more challenging, especially for large trees (over 15 cm in diameter), which usually require lifting equipment. Before digging, prune weak branches and retain about 50% of the leaves to reduce water and nutrient loss. The earth ball should be at least eight times the trunk diameter, then wrapped and transplanted carefully.
**Second, Transplanting Technical Measures**
1. Apply a 0.1% naphthalene acetic acid solution or rooting powder to the roots before planting to encourage new root growth.
2. Treat any wounds on the roots or trunk with a mixture of 0.1% naphthalene acetic acid and lanolin to prevent decay.
3. Add decomposed organic fertilizer to the bottom of the planting hole and loosen the soil inside to provide essential nutrients.
4. When planting, avoid burying the tree too deep. The exposed surface of the soil ball should be around 1/2 to 1/4 of its total size. Planting too deep can lead to root rot.
5. Water thoroughly after planting, then cover the root area with fine soil to help retain moisture and prevent excessive water infiltration.
6. Wrap the trunk with straw ropes, wet them, and cover with a thin plastic film to keep the trunk moist and protect it from sun damage. Be careful not to let the ropes rot or harm the bark.
7. For large trees with crowns, install sprinklers at the top of the canopy and spray the leaves on sunny days to maintain leaf moisture.
8. Provide shade using a shade cloth to reduce light intensity and minimize water loss from the leaves.
9. Apply foliar fertilizer, such as a 0.1% urea solution, once new leaves appear to supplement root nutrition. Avoid doing this in the fall.
10. Prune the tree after new shoots emerge. Remove weak branches, keep strong ones, and trim adventitious buds that appear on the trunk to promote healthy growth.
By following these methods and techniques, you can significantly increase the chances of successful transplantation and long-term health of your camphor trees.
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