**Motherwort (Leonurus japonicus)** *Pinyin: Yìmùcǎo* **English Name:** Motherwort Herb **Source:** The whole plant of *Leonurus japonicus*, a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. **Efficacy:** Promotes blood circulation, resolves phlegm, regulates menstruation, and helps eliminate excess water. **Indications:** Used for menstrual irregularities, difficult labor, postpartum hemorrhage, abdominal pain due to bleeding, uterine bleeding, hematuria, diarrhea, carbuncles, and sores. **Taste and Nature:** Bitter, slightly cold. According to classical texts: - *“Herbal Supplements”:* Cold in nature. - *“Materia Medica”:* Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic. - *“Outline”:* Slightly bitter, slightly cold, slippery. - *“Materia Medica again new”:* Non-toxic. **Meridian Tropism:** Affects the pericardium and liver. - *“Materia Medica Speech”:* Enters the hands and feet to nourish Yin. - *“Drugification”:* Enters the liver, spleen, and three yin meridians. - *“Materia Medica again new”:* Influences the heart, spleen, and kidney. **Contraindications:** Avoid use in cases of yin deficiency with insufficient blood. - *“Effective Production of Treasure”:* Should not be used in iron-deficient conditions. - *“Materia Medica”:* For those with blood heat or stagnation, it is contraindicated; however, it is suitable for blood deficiency with cold symptoms. **Alternative Names:** Tui, Zui, Yimu, Chongwei, Yiming, Dazha, Yan Yi, Zhenwei, bitter low grass, yucao grass, Prunella, soil Khan, wild gastrodin, fire qin, burden, spicy motherwort, deodorized miao, pork ma, mothermaid, cheekbone wind, safflower ai, kun grass, blight grass, vallisneria, tiantian sesame tree, xiaoshu cao, yimujiao, gyrospira, landless ai, safflower motherwort, sibiancao, mother of the moon, cyclone herb, oil chives, and wild hemp. **Prescription Names:** Motherwort, kun grass, motherwort, wine motherwort. In prescriptions, "motherwort" and "kun grass" both refer to the raw herb. When processed with wine, vinegar, salt, or ginger, it becomes a prepared form. The dried herb is commonly used in traditional formulas. **Product Quality:** Harvested during the flowering period from May to June, when the plant has full branches and leaves, dark green color, and purple flowers. Tongzi motherwort is collected earlier, before flowering, between March and April. **Medicinal Parts:** The flower (*Leonurus flower*) and fruit (*Yanwei Zi*) are also used in medicine. **Distribution:** Found throughout China. Baihua motherwort is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Sichuan. Leymus chinensis is found in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shaanxi. Turkey motherwort is mainly grown in Xinjiang. **Harvest and Storage:** Cut the aerial parts when the plant is in full growth and the flowers are not yet fully open. Drying should be done promptly to maintain quality. **Latin Name:** *Herba Leonuri* from *Leonurus heterophyllus* Sweet. **Processing Method:** Remove impurities, wash, cut into segments, and dry. **Historical Notes:** From *Poetry Shu* by Lu Yu: “Tui resembles a plant, with white flowers and internodes.” *Korean Poetry* and *Three Cang* mention that Tui is also known as “mother of the child.” *Effective Po* notes that Yimu has leaves like other plants, stems similar to fire hemp, square stems, and blooms in April–June, with red and purple flowers. It is widely distributed across the north and south. **Identification of Raw Materials:** The dried herb is yellow-green in color. Stems are upright, more branched at the top, with longitudinal grooves and dense hairs. Leaves are opposite, with sparse serrations, dark green on top, lighter underneath, and covered in fine hairs. The stem is light and flexible, with a white pith inside. Some specimens may have purple or white flowers in the leaf axils. The herb has a sweet and bitter taste. **Chemical Components:** Contains alkaloids such as leonurine, staehydrine, leonuridine, and leonurinine, along with benzoic acid, potassium chloride, flavonoids like lauric acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, vitamin A, and ruthenium. Also includes arginine, 4-guanidinoo-1-butanol, 4-guanidino-butyric acid, and stachyose. The whole herb contains about 0.05% leonurine, with increasing levels during the flowering stage. Other compounds include musk glycosides, fumarate, and labdan diterpenoids such as leosibirin, isoleosibirin, and leosibiricin. Flowers contain leonuridine. This comprehensive guide provides an overview of motherwort’s properties, uses, and historical significance in traditional Chinese medicine.

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