Agricultural machinery is an advanced tool that can not be separated from agricultural production and peasant life. The use of agricultural machinery is more and more frequent, and its space for energy conservation is also quite large. From the point of view of use, in addition to strengthening the maintenance of agricultural machinery and maintaining a good technical state, agricultural machinery energy conservation should also focus on reducing unnecessary power loss and saving unnecessary fuel consumption. The 10 examples listed below may seem trivial at first glance, but over time, the effect of reducing the unnecessary energy consumption of agricultural machinery is considerable.
First, reduce unnecessary power loss
1. Proper use and maintenance of the exhaust pipe and muffler, including frequent removal of carbon deposits in the muffler, timely repair of the damaged muffler, exhaust pipe not installed forward, no use of self-made too thin and too long exhaust Tube and so on. According to the measurement, if the diameter of the exhaust pipe of the Type 195 diesel engine is reduced by 10 mm, the engine power will be additionally consumed by 0.75 kW.
2. Always maintain a good technical state of the agricultural vehicle walking system. If the wheel wheel is too tight and the tire pressure is too low, the frictional resistance of the vehicle will increase. According to tests, 30% to 40% of the output of a motor vehicle is consumed to overcome the rolling resistance of the tire. Therefore, the air pressure specified by the tire should be kept constantly, and the road should be driven correctly and selected.
3. Strengthen the maintenance of the brake system of agricultural vehicles, especially to prevent the brakes from being “stagnatedâ€, that is, the brake friction plates are in contact with the brake drums in the non-braking state. An easy way to determine the "stick" of the brake is to manually touch the brake drum to see if it is hot.
4. When the tractor with the air pump is engaged in fixed operations such as pumping, power generation and processing, the belt of the air compressor should be removed. After testing a tractor with a pneumatic brake trailer, the power consumed by the engine to drive the air compressor is about 1.1 kW at low air pressure and about 1.5 kW at high air pressure. Under rated conditions, the engine drive accessory (refers to the cooling fan) The power consumed by pumps, generators, air compressors, etc., accounts for approximately 10% of the total power.
5. When the locomotive with power steering device makes a sharp turn, the steering wheel should be slightly relaxed after the steering wheel is turned to the limit position, so that the spool valve of the distribution valve can return to the neutral position, otherwise the maximum oil pressure in the hydraulic system will be too long, which will result in The engine consumes too much power and increases wear and tear on the components.
6. When the tractor is engaged in transportation and does not use the hydraulic hanging type of agricultural tools in the field operation, the power of the hydraulic oil pump should be separated by the joystick, which can reduce the power consumption of the engine and prevent the wear of the hydraulic suspension system.
7. If the tractor is equipped with a permanent magnet alternator, the permanent magnet generator should be removed during daytime operation, which not only reduces the power consumption of the engine, but also prevents damage to the generator bearings and regulators and extends the generator. The service life.
8. Installation of farmland irrigation pumps should avoid “anti-aircraft gun typeâ€, that is, the water outlet should be as close as possible to the horizontal plane of the channel. When the height difference between the irrigated ground and the water source is 10m, if the installed outlet pipe outlet is 1m above the channel level, it will consume 10% more energy (electricity or fuel). The solution is to minimize the height of the water outlet pipe. .
Second, save unnecessary fuel consumption
1. Adding lubricating oil should be adequate. Filling the engine oil sump and transmission with oil should not exceed the upper line of the oil scale; filling the wheel with a grease can only reach one-half to two-thirds of the space. If the lubricating oil is overfilled, not only the oil is wasted, but also the running resistance of the relevant parts is increased, and the power loss of the engine is increased.
2. Rational use of the throttle according to different working conditions is not only a necessary condition for ensuring the normal operation of the locomotive, but also an important measure to save energy. E.g:
When the engine starts, it should be cranked several times and then started with the middle throttle. If you start with a large throttle, you can't start it several times, and the fuel will easily drown the engine.
When the vehicle starts, the throttle should be appropriately increased to prevent the engine from stalling. If the engine is restarted, it is very oily;
When the vehicle accelerates, it should accelerate slowly and not accelerate. According to the test, the vehicle accelerates from the start to the medium speed (30km/h), and the fuel consumption by the sudden acceleration (25s) is approximately equal to twice the fuel consumption of the slow acceleration (40-45s);
In the driving, economic speed should be adopted, which is safe and fuel-efficient;
During maintenance and inspection, if the car should be closed, the injector will continue to inject oil into the cylinder. Excessive fuel will enter the cylinder, which will not only waste fuel, but also cause difficulty in the next start, and some fuel will follow the cylinder. The wall flow oil sump is easy to cause the oil to deteriorate, thereby accelerating the wear of the machine and reducing the power of the engine;
When parking, if the vehicle is parked for more than 10 minutes, the engine should be turned off, because the long idle operation is very harmful to the engine and wastes fuel. It is forbidden to "hump the throttle" before parking, and the "throttle" before the parking is harmful to the engine.