By using straw mushrooms and golden needle mushrooms, the two varieties have different temperature requirements, and reasonable matching can be achieved to achieve annual cultivation, which can increase the utilization rate of mushroom houses and increase economic benefits. Under normal circumstances, straw mushroom can be cultivated for 4 to 5 cycles in a year, with a net profit of about RMB 10 per square meter, and a period of cultivation of Mushrooms can earn a net profit of RMB 40 yuan. Specific operating techniques are described below.
1. Mushroom building mushroom house built near water.
1.1 The new mushroom house is located in the south and east direction. It is 16 meters long, 9 meters wide, and 4 meters high. The house uses bamboo tails or cement pillars to hold 6 to 8 floors. The bed frame is surrounded by walkways, about 65 centimeters wide, in a north-south direction. The bed frame is 120-130 cm wide and the walkway is 60-65 cm wide. The entire mushroom room can use an area of ​​about 500 square meters. North and South to two walls to open a window by 50 cm, until the top of the wall, something to open a row of 180 cm window, the roof with asbestos to build a set of plastic film below.
1.2 The transformation of the old house into a mushroom house To meet the conditions required for the growth of the straw mushroom and the mushroom, take up the spine room and set a layer of plastic film on the wall surface, open the window, the size is generally 50 cm high, 40 cm wide, and every 50 cm open A window, according to 180 cm to open a row of windows, that is, the window open in the aisle, bed frame construction reference 1. In order to solve the problem that the natural temperature of the mushroom can grow normally and the temperature requirement of the mushroom stage, the mushroom house should be equipped with a fire path.
2. Straw mushroom cultivation time and ratio of raw materials Straw mushroom is a high-temperature variety, the optimum growth temperature of 28 ~ 32 °C, the best cultivation time is generally 6,7,8 months, if equipped with heating conditions in May, September is also cultivated Good time.
Ratio of raw materials: 1 per square meter with wheat straw (straw) or straw 20 to 22 kg, dry cow dung 2.5 to 3 kg, lime powder 0.5 kg, bacteria 1 kg; 2 cotton husk or cotton slag as raw material, per square 10 to 12 kg of rice, 0.5 kg of lime powder, 0.2 kg of bran, and 0.5 kg of bacteria.
3. Cultivation methods According to the area, according to the recipe described above, weigh the raw materials, add water and mix well, so that the culture material moisture content of 70% to 75%, accumulation of fermentation. After 3 days, it began to turn over and it was turned once every other day for 2 to 3 times. After the raw material is soft, it can be heated to enter the mushroom house. Some mushroom farmers can save time by using rice straw as raw material, and put dry straw directly on the bed frame. After the straw is put down, add water directly to the uppermost bed frame and flow to each shelf below, until the material contains The amount of water reaches 70% to 75%. The dry cow dung and lime powder were mixed and mixed immediately. After adding water, they were sprinkled directly on the wheat straw. Closed doors and windows, using a large oil barrel made of steam stove, steam into the mushroom room, the temperature reached 70 °C. After 10 to 12 hours of maintenance, the doors and windows are opened when the temperature naturally drops to about 40°C. When the temperature drops to about 35°C, the bacteria can be spread evenly on the material surface.
Management: After sowing, strictly control the temperature between 30 ~ 32 °C, the first two days without ventilation, after two days, ventilation for 1 hour per day. In accordance with this method of management, with wheat straw, rice straw as raw materials generally 12 to 14 days fruiting, the use of cotton husk, cotton slag as a raw material generally 5 to 7 days fruiting, from mushroom to mushroom usually 4 to 5 days, 3 to 5 The first tidal mushroom can be harvested. The first mushroom produces about 60% of the total. After the first tidal mushroom is harvested, it is re-sprayed with 1 t of lime water to make the moisture content. Close to the first tide when the moisture content of mushrooms, keep the temperature of 30 ~ 32 °C, 5 ~ 7 days to the second mushroom, after the mushroom, the same 4 to 5 days to harvest, the second tidal mushroom volume Taking up 20% to 30% of the total amount of mushrooms, in order to increase the utilization rate of the mushroom house, two mushroom species are generally collected, and the mushroom house is cleaned up for the next cultivation rush. If you no longer cultivate, you can continue to spray 1% of lime water to promote the third tide mushroom.
4. Yield results Wheat straw (straw) and straw are used as raw materials to produce 4 to 5 kg of mushrooms per square meter. Cotton hulls and cotton slag are used as raw materials, and 3 to 4 kg of mushrooms can be harvested per square meter. According to local raw materials, which kind of raw materials cost is low, which kind of raw materials are used for straw mushroom cultivation.
After the straw mushroom cultivation is completed at the end of September, the waste shall be eliminated promptly and the mushroom house shall be completely disinfected.
Disinfection method 5% to 10% concentrated lime water was used to paint the wall and the cultivation frame, and 10% of formaldehyde and 5 grams of potassium permanganate were used for closed fumigation and sterilization.
5. Flammulina cultivation techniques
5.1 The cultivation time starts from the bacterium bag in early October and ends at the end of March. The whole cycle is about 6 months.
5.2 Raw material ratio 1 cotton husk 100 kg, bran 25 kg, corn flour 5 kg, lime cream 1 kg, lime powder 0.5 kg. 2 cotton dregs replaces 1 formula of cottonseed husks, and other raw materials have the same ratio. 3 corn cob replaces 1 formula of cottonseed hull, the other raw materials have the same ratio.
5.3 bacteria bag production The proportion of the above formula is called well after the timely mixing of water, water content reached 60% to 65%. Can be loaded into a 17 cm 35 cm polypropylene (polyethylene) plastic bag, punctured with a plastic string, and sterilized with high pressure or atmospheric pressure. After the temperature drops below 30°C, inoculate in time. After inoculation, it is sent to the culture room.
5.4 management focus is to strengthen the maintenance of mushroom house temperature reached 22 ~ 24 °C, and appropriate ventilation, about 40 days, mycelium can be covered with bags, then the bed frame should be covered with a layer of plastic film, will be long The bag full of bacteria, unfasten the bag straight, put on the bed frame, maintain the air relative temperature about 90%, there is a faint scattered light. About 5 to 7 days to mushroom, wait until the mushroom grows close to the bag mouth, cover it with a layer of plastic film in time. Mushrooms grow to 10 to 15 cm in time. After the mushrooms have been picked up, the second third mushroom is used in the same way. Generally, for each hundred kilograms of raw materials, 80 to 100 kilograms of fresh mushrooms can be produced.
1. Mushroom building mushroom house built near water.
1.1 The new mushroom house is located in the south and east direction. It is 16 meters long, 9 meters wide, and 4 meters high. The house uses bamboo tails or cement pillars to hold 6 to 8 floors. The bed frame is surrounded by walkways, about 65 centimeters wide, in a north-south direction. The bed frame is 120-130 cm wide and the walkway is 60-65 cm wide. The entire mushroom room can use an area of ​​about 500 square meters. North and South to two walls to open a window by 50 cm, until the top of the wall, something to open a row of 180 cm window, the roof with asbestos to build a set of plastic film below.
1.2 The transformation of the old house into a mushroom house To meet the conditions required for the growth of the straw mushroom and the mushroom, take up the spine room and set a layer of plastic film on the wall surface, open the window, the size is generally 50 cm high, 40 cm wide, and every 50 cm open A window, according to 180 cm to open a row of windows, that is, the window open in the aisle, bed frame construction reference 1. In order to solve the problem that the natural temperature of the mushroom can grow normally and the temperature requirement of the mushroom stage, the mushroom house should be equipped with a fire path.
2. Straw mushroom cultivation time and ratio of raw materials Straw mushroom is a high-temperature variety, the optimum growth temperature of 28 ~ 32 °C, the best cultivation time is generally 6,7,8 months, if equipped with heating conditions in May, September is also cultivated Good time.
Ratio of raw materials: 1 per square meter with wheat straw (straw) or straw 20 to 22 kg, dry cow dung 2.5 to 3 kg, lime powder 0.5 kg, bacteria 1 kg; 2 cotton husk or cotton slag as raw material, per square 10 to 12 kg of rice, 0.5 kg of lime powder, 0.2 kg of bran, and 0.5 kg of bacteria.
3. Cultivation methods According to the area, according to the recipe described above, weigh the raw materials, add water and mix well, so that the culture material moisture content of 70% to 75%, accumulation of fermentation. After 3 days, it began to turn over and it was turned once every other day for 2 to 3 times. After the raw material is soft, it can be heated to enter the mushroom house. Some mushroom farmers can save time by using rice straw as raw material, and put dry straw directly on the bed frame. After the straw is put down, add water directly to the uppermost bed frame and flow to each shelf below, until the material contains The amount of water reaches 70% to 75%. The dry cow dung and lime powder were mixed and mixed immediately. After adding water, they were sprinkled directly on the wheat straw. Closed doors and windows, using a large oil barrel made of steam stove, steam into the mushroom room, the temperature reached 70 °C. After 10 to 12 hours of maintenance, the doors and windows are opened when the temperature naturally drops to about 40°C. When the temperature drops to about 35°C, the bacteria can be spread evenly on the material surface.
Management: After sowing, strictly control the temperature between 30 ~ 32 °C, the first two days without ventilation, after two days, ventilation for 1 hour per day. In accordance with this method of management, with wheat straw, rice straw as raw materials generally 12 to 14 days fruiting, the use of cotton husk, cotton slag as a raw material generally 5 to 7 days fruiting, from mushroom to mushroom usually 4 to 5 days, 3 to 5 The first tidal mushroom can be harvested. The first mushroom produces about 60% of the total. After the first tidal mushroom is harvested, it is re-sprayed with 1 t of lime water to make the moisture content. Close to the first tide when the moisture content of mushrooms, keep the temperature of 30 ~ 32 °C, 5 ~ 7 days to the second mushroom, after the mushroom, the same 4 to 5 days to harvest, the second tidal mushroom volume Taking up 20% to 30% of the total amount of mushrooms, in order to increase the utilization rate of the mushroom house, two mushroom species are generally collected, and the mushroom house is cleaned up for the next cultivation rush. If you no longer cultivate, you can continue to spray 1% of lime water to promote the third tide mushroom.
4. Yield results Wheat straw (straw) and straw are used as raw materials to produce 4 to 5 kg of mushrooms per square meter. Cotton hulls and cotton slag are used as raw materials, and 3 to 4 kg of mushrooms can be harvested per square meter. According to local raw materials, which kind of raw materials cost is low, which kind of raw materials are used for straw mushroom cultivation.
After the straw mushroom cultivation is completed at the end of September, the waste shall be eliminated promptly and the mushroom house shall be completely disinfected.
Disinfection method 5% to 10% concentrated lime water was used to paint the wall and the cultivation frame, and 10% of formaldehyde and 5 grams of potassium permanganate were used for closed fumigation and sterilization.
5. Flammulina cultivation techniques
5.1 The cultivation time starts from the bacterium bag in early October and ends at the end of March. The whole cycle is about 6 months.
5.2 Raw material ratio 1 cotton husk 100 kg, bran 25 kg, corn flour 5 kg, lime cream 1 kg, lime powder 0.5 kg. 2 cotton dregs replaces 1 formula of cottonseed husks, and other raw materials have the same ratio. 3 corn cob replaces 1 formula of cottonseed hull, the other raw materials have the same ratio.
5.3 bacteria bag production The proportion of the above formula is called well after the timely mixing of water, water content reached 60% to 65%. Can be loaded into a 17 cm 35 cm polypropylene (polyethylene) plastic bag, punctured with a plastic string, and sterilized with high pressure or atmospheric pressure. After the temperature drops below 30°C, inoculate in time. After inoculation, it is sent to the culture room.
5.4 management focus is to strengthen the maintenance of mushroom house temperature reached 22 ~ 24 °C, and appropriate ventilation, about 40 days, mycelium can be covered with bags, then the bed frame should be covered with a layer of plastic film, will be long The bag full of bacteria, unfasten the bag straight, put on the bed frame, maintain the air relative temperature about 90%, there is a faint scattered light. About 5 to 7 days to mushroom, wait until the mushroom grows close to the bag mouth, cover it with a layer of plastic film in time. Mushrooms grow to 10 to 15 cm in time. After the mushrooms have been picked up, the second third mushroom is used in the same way. Generally, for each hundred kilograms of raw materials, 80 to 100 kilograms of fresh mushrooms can be produced.
Horse Oil: History and Production
Before gaining popularity as a beauty product, horse oil was used as a [folk medicine" in the days of ancient China. Believed to be a remedy for burns, insect bites, cuts, asthma, foot fungus, and even hair loss, the miracle oil was supposedly first brought to Japan over 1,000 years ago. Because its properties are similar to the oils naturally produced by human skin, it is easily absorbed by the skin and is safe for people all ages, including infants. Due to its effectiveness as a moisturizing agent and anti-irritant, horse oil became especially popular in Hokkaido, as it protects the skin from the region`s harsh climate and cold, dry air. The vast expanse of land in the region made it easy to farm horses for the oil.
The product is made by extracting the oils from horse fat. Horses are regularly farmed and raised for their meat in Japan, which is served in the form of basashi (raw horse), so the animals are not slaughtered solely for the purpose of a skincare product. Rather, they are farmed for food, and their oil is a byproduct of this process.
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Jiangxi Institute of Biological Products Inc. , https://www.jxinstitute.com