1, how to make basin soil
Any potted plant must first select the cultivation medium, which can provide the nutrients, moisture, fertility, air and pH required for plant growth. The cultivation matrix is ​​basin soil, which is the material basis for the growth of potted flowers and trees. Their status directly affects the survival, growth rate and growth quality of flower seedlings. There are many types of potted plants, different origins, different ecological types, and different types of flowers require different pots and soils.
Potted plants are a special small environment. Due to the limited potash capacity, the buffering capacity of water and fertilizers is poor, so potting soil requirements are more stringent. Good potted soil should be loose, water permeable, and have good ventilation capacity. At the same time, it should also have strong water retention and fertilizer holding capacity, as well as light weight and abundant resources. Loose soil and good air permeability are conducive to the growth and development of roots and the activity of rhizobacteria; good drainage will not cause root rot due to water retention; good water retention and strong fertility guarantee that there will always be sufficient water and fertilizer. Flower growth and development use.
Basin soil is the key to the growth of potted plants. The water, fertilizer, and fresh air needed by plants are controlled by basins of soil. The potting soil used by the average family is already prepared with good nutritious soil or special soil. Pottery soil is usually formulated as fertile loam: humming soil: vermiculite = 5:3:2. Most of the basin soil is neutral or slightly acidic, and it is not suitable to use saline-alkali soil. Sandy soil can be used for succulents, such as aloe vera and cactus plants.
For greenhouse plants, there are many different types of plants and their habits are different, and the requirements for cultivated soil are different. To meet the same requirements for various types of flowers on the soil, a variety of culture soils must be prepared.
Greenhouse pots, potted soil volume is limited, the roots of flowers and trees are limited to flower pots, so it is required that the culture soil must contain enough nutrients and have good physical properties. The culture soil required for general potted flowers must be loose and air circulated to meet the needs of the roots for breathing. Secondly, it should have good water permeability and no accumulation of water. Third, it should be able to retain water and nutrients and continuously supply the needs of flower growth and development; Fourth, the soil pH should be adapted to the ecological requirements of cultivated flowers; 5. No breeding of harmful microorganisms and other harmful substances should be allowed.
In the cultivation soil should be rich in humus? This is an important condition for maintaining a good structure of the soil. The rich humus contained in the culture soil is well drained, the soil is soft, and the air circulates; the soil is not cracked when it is dry, and does not clump tightly when wet, and does not compact after irrigation; the humus itself can absorb large amounts of water, and can keep the potted earth longer The moist state of time is not easy to dry. Therefore, humus is an important component of culture soil.
Different species of greenhouse trees, the appropriate culture soil is also different, even if the same flower, different growth and development stages, the culture soil texture and fertility requirements are not the same. For example, sowing and weak seedling transplants must use light soil, no fertilizer or only a few fat points. Large seedlings and growing plants, as well as scaly and stem plants with thick roots, require denser soil and more fertilizer. The cultivation of flower cultivation soil, because a single type of soil is difficult to meet the various requirements of the cultivation of flowers, so it is prepared for several types of soil. For example, the proportion of cultivation soil used for general sowing is as follows: rot 5, garden soil 3, river sand 2; soil for artificial planting: rot leaf 4, soil 4 and river 2; 4, Garden soil 5, river sand 1. The culture soil used in the greenhouse woody flower requires more humus during the cultivation of the seedlings and the cuttings and seedlings, roughly the proportion of which is humus soil 4, garden soil 4, and river sand 2. After the plants grow, the amount of rot should be reduced. There are many differences in the preparation of culture soils in various regions. In Shanghai, they are often used to make ash, grass ash, pond mud, and yellow mud, etc.; East China is usually used for rot leaf soil; in southern China, pond mud is commonly used. Although each has different application habits, the formulated culture soil must meet the growth and development needs of cultivated flowers.
2, how to water garden yard
All the potted plants placed in the bottom of the room should be covered with a basin that is slightly larger than the pelvic floor so as not to infiltrate the ground when watering the plants and affect the indoor hygiene and beauty.
The leafy plants should always wash the leaves, keep them clean and show the true color of the plants. Most of the plant's body is water, which accounts for 75 to 90% of the plant's fresh weight. It is well known that flowers can not be separated from water. Most of the water needed by plants is derived from the soil. However, air humidity also has a great influence on the growth and development of plants. In particular, epiphytes grown in tropical and sub-tropical forests and undergrowth plants are more demanding on air humidity.
The amount of water required for each type of flower and tree has a direct relationship with the ecological environment of the place of origin, the different growth period, the climate conditions at the time, and the cultivation site. In general, plants grown in deserts and arid regions have strong drought resistance. Low water consumption, low air humidity, and low water requirement; flowers in tropical rain forests and subtropical forest areas require high air humidity, poor drought resistance, and large water requirements. From a morphological point of view, the leaves are small, hard-edged, or have a thick layer of cuticle or dense hair on the leaf surface, indicating strong drought resistance and low water requirement. Plants with special water storage organization, such as various fleshy pulpy plants and cactaceae plants, have strong drought resistance and require less water. Plants with large, thin and soft leaves have a large amount of water evaporation. They prefer high air humidity, poor drought resistance, and need more water. Flowers that thrive in growth require sufficient moisture, while deciduous plants in dormant periods and evergreen plants that are relatively dormant require less water.
In spring and summer, the temperature is high, there is strong sunlight, when the wind is large and the air is dry, sufficient moisture is needed for the plants; in winter, the temperature is low, the sunshine is weak, the water is less, and the potted flowers rely on water to supply water, so they are poured. The adequacy of water is extremely important.
The correct approach is to see the see-through wet, that is, dry and dry. Many family flower growers are either pouring less water or pouring more, causing plants to die. Therefore, timely and adequate watering is a relatively technical job.
1 Indoor environment requirements: The indoor environment is also affected by the weather and geographical location. In spring and summer where the indoor lighting is adequate and the air is well ventilated, the water evaporates more quickly. It is possible to pour water once a day in the morning or evening, but it cannot be in the hot sun at noon in summer. Watering. If the room is opened for cooling and air conditioning, the amount of water can be reduced. In the dry and cold autumn and winter season, indoor plant growth slows down, water evaporation does not occur, and water is less often poured once a week. In winter, when indoor warm air is turned on, it is necessary to increase the frequency of watering to increase indoor humidity.
2 Requirements of plant habits: The shade tolerance of each plant is different and the growth cycle is also different. Therefore, the required moisture is not the same. When the color of the potted soil is whitish, some Xiyangxi plants do not need to be watered, such as aloe vera or cactus. Some foliar plants from the tropical subtropical rainforest must be watered. In the summer, they must be sprayed with water on the foliage, and the winter season can be slightly dry. Plants should be poured less at the seedling stage, and should be poured more during the prosperous period. Watering during flowering should be properly controlled, such as: Begonia sinensis, Scindapsus latifolia, Dioscorea, fern, monstera, evergreen and so on. There are also some plants that are cultivated in water, such as daffodils, lucky bamboos, and hyacinths. It is worth mentioning that people are accustomed to pouring the leftover tea water in pots. This is wrong because theophylline is harmful to plants.
The plant constantly absorbs water from the roots to provide evaporation on the foliage, and also absorbs various inorganic salts the plant needs from the soil into the plants for the production of nutrients for growth and development. Most of the water absorbed by roots (96-98%) evaporates from the foliage. The humidity in the air is kept at 40% to 60%. When the air humidity is below 25%, the plant growth is unfavorable, and if it is too high, it will make people feel uncomfortable. The method of controlling the humidity is to solve the method of spraying and moistening the plants in a dry season, and it is also possible to put a pot of water in the room to solve the problems by moisture evaporation. Especially in the fall and winter seasons, the room should maintain normal humidity.
Watering should pay attention to the following principles:
A. Water Quality Irrigation water is usually divided into hard water and soft water.
Hard water is water containing more calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium; soft water is less. In the north, groundwater in many areas contains large amounts of salts such as calcium and magnesium, and it is not suitable for watering plants that produce native southern acid soils. In some areas, the salt content of groundwater is too high, exceeding 0.1%, which has a negative impact on the growth of most flowers. Can not be used as potted irrigation water.
Watering flowers is preferably slightly acidic or neutral. For plants that are native to tropical and subtropical regions, the ideal water for use is rainwater. Drinking groundwater, lake water, and river water can be used as potted flowers. Electrodialysis and resin-exchanged water eliminate most of the inorganic salts and can be used as irrigation for potted plants.
The chlorine content in urban tap water is relatively high, and the water temperature is also low. It is not suitable for direct watering of potted plants. It should be stored in the pool for several days so that when the chlorine vaporization, water temperature and temperature are close, it is better to water the flowers again.
B, how much watering
The control of the wet and dry degree of basin soil largely determines the growth of flowers. The conditions of potting and planting are completely different, the quantity of potted soil is limited, and the amount of water is entirely supplied by the grower. Long-term watering is more, if poor drainage basin, easily lead to root rot; lack of water supply, basin soil under the dry, no water will die in the root. The correct amount of watering should be that each watering just soaks the entire basin, no more and no less. Grasp the amount of water, see basin wet and dry, to accumulate by practice.
C. Precautions
a. New planting pots or new basins, the first watering should be poured thoroughly, generally should be poured twice, the first time after infiltration, and then poured again. When potted with dry, fine-leafed leaf or peat soil, this soil is not easy to saturate, and it is sometimes poured over many times. When this happens, it is best to mix the soil slightly and put it in pot for 1 to 2 days.
b. Many potted flowers can't collect water, otherwise it is easy to cause leaf rot. Such as gloxinia, mold leaves Qiupiao, African violets, purse flowers, etc., there are dense leaf hair, should not be sprayed on the leaf surface, in particular, should not be sprayed in the evening leaves. Some flower buds and leaves are not resistant to water and moisture, such as the flower buds of cyclamen, and the buds of gerbera, which are often exposed to water for a long time. Anthracnose often occurs in the leaves of Moran and Jianlan, and the damage to the leaves is serious after infection. When the disease is found, the spraying of leaves should be stopped. Other flowers have similar phenomena.
c. After ramets are transplanted or transplanted, they must not be watered or soaked until new roots are born. They can only spray water to foliage and surrounding environment every day to maintain high air humidity.
D, watering method
a. Using a watering pot Watering a watering pot is a special tool for watering potted flowers, which is easy to use and the amount of watering is easy to grasp. The sprinkler is active, put it on when it is used, and remove it when not in use. Pour the general basin without nozzles. Watering the seedlings and spraying on the leaves must be sprinklers to avoid flushing the seedlings.
b. Soak the water in the sink or shallow water tank, the water depth is lower than the top of the basin soil, let the water seep into the basin soil from the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin. The immersion method is mainly used for irrigation of flower pots after sowing of small seeds and seedlings after seedlings. Water soaking can avoid running away small seeds or seedlings and also reduce the number of soil panel knots.
c. Soaking The entire plant or plant root is immersed in water, so that the plant's root system and potting substrate are completely saturated with water. Most tropical and subtropical epiphytic flowers, such as tropical epiphytic orchids, algae, and some pineapple flowers, are planted on wooden frames, porous flower pots, or wood sections. Most of the cultivated materials are loose vine roots, agarian, and others. Bark, etc., watering is not easy to get wet. Therefore, in addition to watering, it should be soaked periodically.
d. Spraying water on the foliage of the plant can increase the humidity of the air, reduce the temperature, and rinse off the dust on the leaves of the flowers, which is beneficial to photosynthesis. Generally, people who grow flowers generally like to spray flowers every day. They think that water spray is very spiritual and they look happy. However, there should be a comprehensive view of water spray, and during the winter and plant dormancy periods, less spray or wood spray should be used. It is good to spray water properly in hot and dry summer weather, especially for shade-tolerant plants that have high humidity and high humidity under native forests and subtropics. However, some flowers that are afraid of water and moisture cannot spray water on the foliage, otherwise it is easy to cause rot.
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