In the phosphorus cycle (Figure 4), beneficial microorganisms cause dissolved phosphorus in the water to be adsorbed by suspended particles to form particulate phosphorus, which is converted to precipitate by flocculation, which reduces the content of available phosphorus in the water and thus controls the eutrophication of the water. Reproductive growth of toxic algae such as cyanobacteria; in the sulfur cycle (Figure 5), beneficial microorganisms influence the production of sulfates and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The role of beneficial microorganisms in the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles is crucial. It promotes the transformation of the four elements in the ecological chain, maintaining the dynamic balance of the water environment, thereby suppressing harmful microorganisms, decomposing organic matter, eliminating harmful substances (NH3, NO2-, H2S, excess N, P, etc.) and effectively purifying Water quality, prevent and reduce the occurrence of aquatic animal diseases such as fish and shrimp, enhance immunity, increase survival rate, and promote growth. 1.2 Comprehensive control of beneficial microbial preparations for aquaculture The beneficial microbial phase of the microbial preparation is very complex and often consists of a mixture of two or more beneficial bacteria. These beneficial bacteria are mostly active microbial populations isolated, screened and cultured from soil or water bodies. Bacillus spp. are the dominant bacteria and contain multiple commensal strains. They also have both aerobic and anaerobic dual metabolic mechanisms. It has the ability to strongly decompose carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur pollutants. Many studies have shown that it is superior to photosynthetic bacteria (PSB). As a new type of water purification agent, improver, and water-retention agent, beneficial microbial preparations can remove large amounts of residual baits, feces, dead animals and dead bodies, and harmful substances (NH3, H2S, etc.) accumulated in ponds for a long time without interrupting the culture process. , to break it down into small molecules (polypeptides, higher fatty acids, etc.), then break down into smaller molecular organics (amino acids, lower fatty acids, monosaccharides, cyclic hydrocarbons, etc.), and finally decompose into CO2, nitrate, sulfate, etc. Reduce COD and BOD in water, increase dissolved oxygen (DO), significantly reduce the concentration of NH3, NO2-, and H2S in water and effectively improve water quality. It can provide nutrients for the reproduction of phytoplankton, which is mainly composed of beneficial cell algae (green algae, diatoms, etc.), promotes its reproduction, maintains the balance between algae and bacteria, and forms an ideal water color and maintains stable water color. The photosynthesis of these algae-based phytoplankton provides oxygen for the respiration and organic mineralization of zooplankton, zoobenthos, fish and shrimps and other aquaculture animals in the pond, thus forming a benign cycle (see Figure 1). ), conducive to the remaining growth, its main material cycle is shown in Figure 6. After the beneficial microorganisms are put in ponds, they can rapidly breed into dominant bacteria groups and directly or indirectly inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful germs through food, place competition and secretion of antibiotic substances. In addition, he can produce surface active substances, stimulate the breeding animals to improve immune function, enhance resistance and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Drama (Zhang Qing, 1999; Li Zhuojia et al., 1998) reported that Bacillus can still secrete a strong extracellular enzyme system under conditions of poor oxygen in the bottom of the pool, rapidly degrading the organic matter in the pool, and mineralizing it into inorganic materials. Salts reduce the retention of intermediate toxic products, avoid the deposition of organic substances in the pool, and the number of monocytic algae more than doubles. At the same time, the growth of cyanobacteria harmful to fish and shrimp is greatly suppressed, and the algae phase of water bodies is improved (Wu Wei, 1997; Zhang Qing, 1999), (Li Zhuojia et al., 1998). In short, beneficial microorganisms, as an ecological regulator for aquaculture environment, can increase dissolved oxygen (DO), reduce ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and rapidly degrade organic matters while preventing and promoting diseases and promoting growth. Breeding the ecological environment, maintaining the ecological balance, and having no re-pollution, low cost, and large benefits, has increasingly attracted people's attention. 2. Application of beneficial beneficial microorganism preparations in improving aquaculture environment Application of beneficial microbial preparations, controlling the content of harmful substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the aquaculture water environment, regulating the ecological structure of microorganisms in culture ponds, enhancing the immune function of aquatic animals, preventing diseases, and promoting Growth is an effective water quality control technology. The various microecological preparations currently on the market can be divided into liquid, solid powder and flaky. The former belong to active bacteria, and the latter belongs to spore type. In use, the liquid viable bacteria can be directly spilled on the culture ponds, and the solid spore-like preparations have a dormant state of their bacterial spores. The direct use effect is not satisfactory, so they must be activated before they can be used for a period of time before they can be used quickly. Good results, but also can reduce the amount of preparation. In recent years, many biotechnology companies have developed various biological agents. How effective is this? Users should have a good idea. Not every microbiological formulation can be applied to your culture pond, especially improper use will not produce results. 2.1 Liquid biological agents Liquid biological agents are oxygen-producing bacteria that do not form spores and are prone to lose their function in highly dissolved oxygen water. Pond geology is sandy or leaky and should not be used. 2.2 Solid Biologic Agents Solid-state biological agents are aerobic bacteria that form spores and must be activated before they can be used. Appropriate use, at the same time with oxygenation agent or aerator, to purify the water quality is very good; use not excessive, otherwise, the pool water will be quickly clarified, the water color disappears, to bring the water to the subsequent re-difficult. The PRO-NICECLEAN is a technology from the Institute of Botanical Technology of Zhangzhou Wangzhou and the Fishery Science Research Institute of Zhangzhou relying on experts from Qingdao Ocean University, the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Shandong Institute of Seawater Research. The introduction of foreign excellent microbial strains, the use of scientific special fermentation technology, after six years of research and development to produce a comprehensive improvement of the aquaculture environment of multi-bacterial compound live beneficial bacteria. The major components of the water-producing card benefit water are: Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas marinus, Sulfur bacteria, Nitrifying bacteria, Denitrifying bacteria and other compound beneficial bacteria. The total number of living bacteria is more than 8 billion/g. Contains multiple active enzymes. It will scientifically combine a variety of beneficial bacteria, exert their synergies and complementarity with each other, can effectively decompose the organic matter in the mineralized water and the bottom of the pool, and degrade ammonia, nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and other toxic and harmful substances (see Table 1 and Table 2). ), To promote and maintain the ecological balance of maintaining the environment, and to suppress the excessive propagation of harmful algae and fungi in the aquaculture water. Compared with the traditional water quality improver------photosynthetic bacteria, the beneficial water hormone not only plays a role in the surface layer of aquaculture water (the water layer that the light can reach), but also can have a deep or deep water layer with a low penetration degree. The sludge, baits, and fecal residues that are difficult to see at the bottom of the pool play a role in achieving overall improvement of the aquaculture water environment, fully maintaining the ecological balance of the water environment, and promoting the healthy growth of aquatic animals. Table 1: Degradation of toxic and harmful substances in the aquatic environment of shrimp farming (Shrimp Farm in Wengtian Town, Wenchang City, Hainan Province (October 2002)) Time Project Use 24 hours 48 hours 72 hours 96 hours ammonia nitrogen mg /L 0.6-0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Nitrite mg/L 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.1 PH value 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4-8.6 Salinity 18 18 18 18 18 Water temperature ° 26 26 26 26 26 26 Turquoise green bright yellow green cool Bright green color has stabilized Stable water stable shrimp feeding Description: 1 Every 1000 cubic meters of water is used to generate 2kg of water. During the test period, the weather was mainly sunny, with occasional showers. 2 Soak for 10 hours before use. When used, dilute it evenly with water. Table 2: Degradation of toxic and harmful substances in the aquatic environment of fish breeding water (usage 1 kg/mu. m) Application unit name Variety before use 48 hours after use Remarks Water ammonia nitrogen mg/L Nitrite mg/L Water ammonia nitrogen Mg/L nitrite mg/L Guye Fangezhuang, Tangshan City, dark brown 1.5 ≥ 0.3 dark green cool ≤ 0.3 ≤ 0.01 48 hours after the normal use of fish to eat fish in Yangjiabo Town, Hangu District, Tianjin, muddy dark 1.2 ≥ 0.3 deep Green luster ≤ 0.3 0.01 48 hours after use, no dead fish were found. The fish normally eaten in Yangjiabo Yangjiabo, Tianjin, Hanyang District, Caojiao Turf Turtle turbidity 0.6 ≥ 0.3 Yellow Green Shuang ≤ 0.3 0.001 48 hours after eating, normal eating, in short, beneficial microorganisms As an ecological regulator for aquaculture environment, while preventing diseases and promoting growth, it can increase dissolved oxygen (DO), reduce ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, rapidly degrade organic matters, and improve the breeding ecological environment. Maintaining ecological balance, with no re-pollution, low cost, and large benefits, has increasingly attracted people's attention. About the author: The technical director of Beijing Ming Rida Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Master of Pharmacology and Toxicology at China Agricultural University, once worked in the former Tangshan Sanfeng Feed Co., Ltd. engaged in aquatic animal nutrition research, feed formulation design, water quality regulation and guidance of aquaculture practices, Experienced and loved by the majority of aquaculture farmers. 13831506106