Years of practice have shown that as long as the late buckwheat can grasp key technologies for sowing and strengthen field management, it can still reach the level of 400-500 kilograms per mu. The sowing technique essentials are as follows:
First, choose suitable varieties according to local conditions In order to make up for the lack of late buckwheat growth period, low spike rate, a small number of ear defects, to use short-term growth period, with late-maturing early-maturing semi-winter or spring varieties. In the Huang-Huai area, there are many varieties of late-type glutinous wheat, such as Jining 6, Yannong 15, Yannong 18, Wumai 30, Yumai 982, Yannong 22, and Lumai 20, which can be selected according to local conditions. .
Second, the appropriate increase in the amount of sowing due to the late tiller wheat less spawning, low spike rate, it should be appropriate with the sowing date and increase the amount of sowing. Before and after sowing, ensure that there are about 250,000 basic seedlings per acre before the winter season: from the end of October to the beginning of winter, sow about 300,000 basic seedlings per acre before winter; sow the seedlings from “winter†to “little snowâ€; Before the winter, there are about 350,000 basic seedlings per mu. Adequate basic seedlings are the key measures to make up for the shortage of late buckwheat production and insufficient number of mu ears.
Third, improve the quality of soil preparation Late wheat due to low temperature, germination and seedling slow, weak soil. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of soil preparation, so that deep plowing can be done, the soil can be filled with imaginary solids, no scumming, no root sorghum, good lyrical moisture, and soil moisture content of 70% to 80%. If the late buckwheat sowing too deep, it will lead to late emergence, weak seedlings, it should be appropriately shallow sowing. According to different soil textures such as sand, soil, and clay, sowing depths are 3, 4, and 5 cm, respectively.
Fourth, promotion of chemical seed dressing Late buckwheat generally heavy pests and diseases, do a good job seed dressing seeding can achieve a complete seedlings to prevent the lack of seedlings due to pests and diseases off the ridge, had to check to make the seedlings lead to a later problem. The pest control effect of coated wheat seeds is good and should be adopted as far as possible. If uncoated seeds are used, 100 ml of 40% methyl isothiophos-formaldehyde EC may be used, or 50% of phoxim EC may be added in 100 ml, 3 kg of water may be added to the mixture, and the ratio of 50 kg of wheat seed may be sprayed and mixed. After boring for 2~3 hours, it can be sown to prevent underground pests. Control wheat powdery mildew, smut, full-bleeding disease, sheath blight, rust, available 25% Trifenin EC 50 ml, add 3 kg of water, mixed with 50 kg of wheat seed dressing, mix and boring after 3 hours sowing, Disease prevention effect is good.
Fifth, increasing fertilization material late buckwheat because of the late crop harvest, soil available nutrient consumption, soil recovery can not be leisure recovery, and the late buckwheat seedlings are thin, less roots, fertilizer absorption capacity is poor, therefore, Fertilizer must be added. Before planting, combine basal fertilizer with site preparation, scientifically use seed fertilizer, and try to make soil testing and formula fertilization. Because the effect of phosphate fertilizer on promoting the development of roots and tillering into the ear is good, it should be appropriately increased phosphate fertilizer. In general, high quality soil-fertilizers of Mushi 3000-4000 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 60 kg, phosphate fertilizer 50-70 kg, and potash 15-20 kg are used as base fertilizer. Fertilizer has the advantages of convenient use, less dosage and quick effect. It can be seeded at a ratio of 10 kg of 3 kg of ammonium sulfate mixed with wheat, and sown immediately after mixing. Can also be 20 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, add 2 kg of water to open the mixture of 50 kg of wheat mixed seed dressing, mix immediately after sowing. In order to prevent fertilizers from damaging seedlings, ammonium bicarbonate cannot be used as a seed fertilizer; when diammonium phosphate and urea are used as seed fertilizers, seed dressing cannot be carried out, and only the fertilizer separation method can be used. After sowing seeds, segregate fertilizers to avoid fertilizer damage seedlings.
VI. Struggling to “make up†the “late†The good seed treatment before sowing can shorten the emergence period of wheat. One is to do a good job of drying seeds, and before the seeds are sown, select sunny seeds for 3 to 4 days so that the seeds are fully dried. Shaizhong not only kills germs on the seed surface, but also breaks the seed's dormancy, allowing the seed to emerge 1 to 3 days earlier. The second is soaking germination. The plots planted after the “winter†are soaked with germination. Place the wheat seeds in water at 50°C and mix them in time. The amount of water is suitable to diffuse through the seeds. Soak for 6~8 hours. Remove and stuff the stuffy germination. Keep the heap temperature at 25°C and flip it every 3 hours until 5 Seeds about % can be sown when they are white. After germination of the seeds, the seedlings can be emerged 2 to 3 days earlier. Third, under the premise of affecting the small crop yield of the former crop, try to make it as early as possible, quicker and faster.
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