Editor's note: Spring is the peak season for growing vegetables in greenhouses, and it is the key period for obtaining high yields. The analysis of agricultural experts shows that although it has entered spring now, the activities of cold and warm air are frequent, and the temperature changes greatly. If vegetables want to obtain high yield, the management should pay attention to the following points.
Warm weather
Greenhouse management needs to change
After the weather gets warmer, the growth of vegetables accelerates, and the branches and leaves gradually expand, which reduces the ventilation and light transmission between the rows of the plants, especially the closed small environment that is easy to form in the lower part of the plants, which affects the fruit coloring and leads to disease. Therefore, as the external temperature rises, the management of vegetables must be changed accordingly. You have to keep warm and control the temperature
First, we must strictly control the temperature, especially the night temperature. It is recommended to ventilate early when the weather is normal. If the ventilation is not timely, the temperature of the greenhouse above 33 ° C will cause poor fruit setting. When the temperature of the greenhouse drops to about 20 ° C, the ventilation openings should be closed in time to control the night temperature to 13 ～ 15 ° C. In this way, it is not only beneficial for the photosynthetic products produced by the leaves to be transferred and distributed during the day, for root cultivation, tree promotion, and fruit attack, but also to increase the temperature difference between day and night and control the growth.
Second, we must remove the reflective film and properly shade the back wall. After the Qingming Festival, the natural lighting conditions in the shed can fully meet the needs of vegetable growth, and the reflective film should be removed in time to avoid sunburn. With the warmer weather, excessive heat storage on the back wall of the greenhouse will also cause excessive night temperature, and the plant ’s nutritional consumption will be greater. Therefore, it is recommended to grow legumes on the back wall of the greenhouse, so that it can make full use of the space in the greenhouse and weaken the heat storage capacity of the rear wall. Strengthen fertilizer and water management
As the outside temperature rises, the air temperature and ground temperature in the shed also gradually increase. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in order to raise roots and promote trees, so that the leaves of vegetables grow, and the yield is increased.
First, we must change the type of fertilizer applied. Humic acid fertilizers and biological fungus fertilizers have little effect on ground temperature and light root injury after application, but their nutrient content is relatively low, which is difficult to meet the nutrient requirements for rapid plant growth after warming weather. Therefore, water-soluble high nitrogen and potassium fast-acting fertilizers should be used mainly, and the dosage is 8-10 kg per mu. In addition, when there are many sunny days, the sunlight is sufficient, and the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the shed decreases rapidly. It is necessary to supplement the carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in time.
Second, we must change the watering method. After the weather warms, the water demand for vegetables has increased greatly. Note that the interval between watering and fertilizing is shorter than the low temperature season. Generally, watering is carried out every 10 days or so. It is best to use a combination of large water and small water. Pruning and pruning in time to adjust plant shape
Cucumbers, loofahs, etc. should be picked in time and dropped. In order to prevent the upper and lower leaves from overlapping after falling, it is necessary to remove the old leaves from the lower part before falling, and then fall after the wound is dry. In order to prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria from the injured stems, spraying can be performed by mixing 600 times solution of chlorothalonil with 4000 times solution of agricultural streptomycin after falling.
After each picking of peppers, sweet peppers, etc., the side branches on the main branch are promptly removed, and the inner leaves and branches are removed to prevent the plants from closing between rows. (Dingxing)
Unstable temperature
Defense remedies need to be strengthened
In the recent period of time, the persistently unstable temperature and long-term low temperature weather have greatly affected the growth and seedling growth of vegetables. Therefore, vegetable farmers should take active actions and adopt effective defense measures technically to deal with the impact of cold weather on vegetables.
The effects of low temperature on seedling growth mainly include insufficient light, low ground temperature, slow emergence of vegetables, weak growth, and severe cataplexy; the effects on transplantation are mainly delayed planting period, prolonged seedling period; growth and development process The main effect is that the growth potential is weak, the flowering, fruit setting and marketing period will be postponed. When the frost damage is severe, the plants will be directly frozen to death.
In early spring, you should make preparations for cold protection according to the changes in weather, and prepare films and grasshoppers in advance. Before the cold and cold weather arrives, cover the film in time and set up a small arch to keep warm. Seedlings can be sprayed with 0.04% Yunda-120 (brassinolide) + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or poured a small amount of water on sunny days before the cold and cold weather suddenly emerges. Effect. When the weather improves, timely fertilize and uniformly seedlings, and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water at the seedling stage and comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests. The seedlings are subjected to low-temperature refining before planting to improve the resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance of the vegetables themselves. The eggplant fruits are 5 to 7 days before planting. The temperature is controlled at 22 ° C to 26 ° C on a sunny day and 8 ° C to 12 ° C at night.
Early spring vegetable transplanting should be covered with mulch in time to keep a small arch shed to keep warm. Pay attention to the weather forecast, spray antifreeze on the leaf surface before the low-temperature freezing injury. The formula is to add 50 grams of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and brown sugar to each 15 kg of water. Spray once.
Cultivate soil in combination with cultivating before low-temperature freezing damage. The depth of soil cultivation is 5-10 cm, which can loosen soil, increase soil temperature, and protect roots. (High Army)
Windy and rainy
Strengthen the shed to prevent wind and sand
Windy sand in spring, coupled with warm and cold weather, the plastic in the greenhouse must be reinforced with iron wire or rope. Pay attention to prevent the wind from blowing away the greenhouse insulation quilt, and the vegetables in the greenhouse will be lost.
1. Reinforced insulation. The interface between the two quilts during the upper greenhouse quilt must not be less than 10 cm. The thermal insulation quilt is fixed on the iron rod in the greenhouse and the upper end is fixed on the steel wire. If it is rolled during use, it should be adjusted in time to ensure coverage. comprehensive. After the heat insulation is finished, the overlapped parts of the heat insulation are connected by a connecting rope. The insulation of the greenhouse is on the back wall of the greenhouse, and it should be fixed in the center of the top of the wall so that the top of the wall has a certain inclination to the north, and it is covered with a complete waterproof tarpaulin to facilitate the drainage of rainwater and prevent wet insulation. When the greenhouse is covered at the bottom end of the greenhouse, the ground water should be removed in time to prevent soaking of the insulation. When necessary, place old grass rafters at the interface between the ground and the greenhouse film to prevent the insulation from being touched by the ground. After the greenhouse insulation is covered, the east and west walls of the greenhouse should be pressed 30 cm, and pressed with sand bags to prevent it from being blown by the wind and reduce the insulation effect.
Second, shed film protection. Windy and rainy weather cannot uncover grasshoppers on time, and often lacks sunlight, affecting plant photosynthesis. Once the weather is clear or the wind is reduced, ventilate in time if the temperature in the shed is appropriate, and clean and scrub the dust on the shed film to increase the light and heat and increase the shed temperature.
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