Cultivating astragalus in a plastic greenhouse allows for year-round production, making it an efficient and sustainable method. Soilless aquaculture not only helps control diseases but also significantly boosts profitability. The ideal temperature for astragalus growth is between 27-30°C. Plastic greenhouses don’t require additional heating systems, as this temperature can be easily maintained during spring, summer, and autumn. Even in winter, the greenhouse can maintain an average temperature of around 20°C. A continuous flow of water ensures clean conditions, preventing water quality from deteriorating.
First, constructing the breeding pond is essential. There are two main types: open feeding ponds and closed-loop filter ponds. Open feeding ponds are ideal for areas with consistent warm water supply. They offer stable flow and are suitable for large-scale operations, though they are limited by location. These ponds are built using bricks and cement, with each pool measuring 10-20 square meters, 40 cm deep, and 1-2 meters wide. The width of the pools is 20-40 cm, and each has two inlet and two outlet pipes (3-4 cm in diameter). The inlet pipes are level with the bottom of the pool, while the outlets are slightly higher to prevent escape. Metal mesh covers are installed for safety. Several units can be arranged side by side, with each unit covering up to 500 square meters.
Closed-loop filter ponds are better suited for urban areas or regions with limited water supply. They allow water reuse, reduce consumption, and make temperature control easier, though they require a larger initial investment. The construction is similar to open ponds, but additional components like aeration tanks, sedimentation basins, and pumping and heating systems must be included.
Next, stocking the species is crucial. After building the pond, drain it completely, fill with water, and let it soak for 5-7 days before draining again. Plug the drain holes and keep a small amount of flowing water at a depth of 5 cm in each pool. Before introducing the fish, soak them in a 10^-6 concentration of malachite green solution for 20-30 minutes to disinfect and remove parasites. Adjust the soaking time based on the fish’s tolerance. Once disinfected, stock the fish at a rate of 4-5 kg per meter, ensuring all fish in the same pool are of similar size to avoid competition for food.
Feeding is another key aspect. Astragalus is a carnivorous fish that prefers fresh food. After 2-3 days of stocking, feed them chopped snails, frogs, or other protein-rich sources. Increase the water flow slightly during feeding. Initially, provide 1-2% of their body weight, then gradually increase to 5% as they grow. As they adapt, you can introduce more varied feeds such as mealworms, cooked animal organs, fish meal, soybean cake, rapeseed cake, bran, rice husks, and melon seeds. Keep the protein content between 35-40%. Feed once in the morning (8-9 AM) and again in the afternoon (2-3 PM).
Daily management involves monitoring the fish and maintaining water quality. With proper feeding and clean water, disease outbreaks are rare, but it's important to guard against predators like rats and snakes. If fish sizes become uneven within the same pond, separate them promptly. After 5-6 months of rearing, the fish reach market size—6-10 per kilogram—with a survival rate exceeding 90%.
Disease prevention is also vital. Although this method reduces disease risk, some common issues include cold disease, capillary nematode infection, and plum spot. Cold disease occurs when new water is added too quickly, causing a sudden temperature change. Prevent it by gradually adjusting the water temperature. Capillary nematodes can be treated by feeding 0.1% trichlorfon (90%) in the feed for six consecutive days. For plum spot, disinfect the water with 10 grams of bleach per cubic meter, or use lime or malachite green for added protection.
This approach ensures healthy, high-yield astragalus farming, combining efficiency, sustainability, and disease control.
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