No Six Fish is a rare and unique fish species found in Pingguo County, Guangxi Province. It originates from a spring hole located about 1 kilometer southeast of the county seat, inside an underground cave. Local legends suggest that this spring is connected to an underground river, with some narrow passages that prevent larger fish from passing through. As a result, only fish weighing less than six jin (approximately 3 kilograms) can emerge from the cave, which is why they are called "No Six Fish." This cave is also known as the "No Six Fish Hole." In 1962, renowned Chinese writer Cao Jinghua wrote an essay titled “The Endless No Six Holes,†praising the fish and bringing it into the spotlight.
The No Six Fish has a distinctive appearance, with fine scales, a long mouth beneath its head, a thick lower lip, a flat belly, and a blue-white coloration. It is tender, fatty, and rich in protein, making it highly nutritious and easy for the body to absorb. Locals prepare it in various ways, including stir-frying, braising, steaming, making fish balls, or slicing it thin and frying. The most popular method, however, is deep-frying without oil, which results in a crispy texture and a strong, fragrant aroma. It is even said that "the smell of fried fish fills a hundred homes."
The No Six Fish Hole is part of an underground river system, formed by karst topography. The cave is approximately 70 meters long, stretching downward with a variety of unique rock formations such as stone gates, caverns, stone tables, and pools. Geologically, these formations are primarily composed of carbonate rocks, shaped over thousands of years by water containing carbon dioxide. This process created the caves and underground rivers, providing the ideal habitat for the No Six Fish.
The No Six Fish belongs to the genus Polygonidae and is classified as a protected species in Guangxi. It lives exclusively in the cool, dark underground rivers of the karst region, feeding on small organisms and algae found on rocks. These fish have a unique reproductive behavior: they migrate during specific times of the year, such as before and after the winter solstice, or when spring and summer arrive. During these periods, the water levels in the underground river drop, allowing them to swim toward deeper pools. When the rainy season comes, the water rises again, and they return along the underground river.
Because of their migratory patterns, local people would place barriers at the "outcrops" of the underground rivers and set up fish traps. They could easily catch some fish without much effort. However, once removed from the cave, the fish were not accustomed to sunlight and often died within a few days in other waters. This rarity and difficulty in capturing them make the No Six Fish especially precious.
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