When a tractor is working in the field, it's easy for it to drift off course. This not only makes the operation more difficult but also increases wear on the machine’s components and negatively affects the quality of the work. Therefore, it's important to be aware of this issue and take preventive measures.
1. **Plowing**
During plowing operations with a hand tractor, especially when using a unidirectional double plow, one of the drive wheels may be off the field while the other is in the furrow. This creates an imbalance in the adhesion coefficient between the two wheels, leading to different slip ratios and causing the tractor to drift in one direction. For the Dongfeng 12-type walking tractor, you can adjust the gap between the left and right adjusting screws and the intermediate connecting frame on the traction frame (known as swinging clearance). The 681 unidirectional double hoe should be adjusted to about 1.5 mm, while the 1LS 220 and 701 models should be set to around 5 mm. If the tractor still drifts to the right during plowing, loosen the fastening screws, rotate the left adjustment screw extension, and turn the right one in the opposite direction until the handlebars are balanced and the tractor moves smoothly along the furrow walls.
2. **Rotary Tilling**
During rotary tillage, the tractor may start to drift due to several reasons: deformed rear wheels, improper assembly of the tail shaft, misaligned tail wheel, damaged or worn-out bearings on the tail shaft, or incorrectly installed or broken coulters. When drifting occurs, avoid adjusting the steering clutch directly. Instead, correct the deviation by pushing or pulling the handlebar frame. If necessary, inspect and repair or replace the faulty parts before continuing.
3. **Sowing Operation**
When using a tractor for sowing, there are typically two types of attachments: a tractor-mounted seeder like the ABQ-8 grain planter, or a ZBG-6A rice seed drill that uses synchronized transmission. The main cause of unit deviation during sowing is an uneven installation height of the seeding head or furrow opener, or asymmetry in the direction of sowing. Incorrectly installed or broken rotary cutting coulters, or a deformed towing frame, can also lead to imbalanced resistance and torsional moments, causing the unit to drift. Before sowing, check the planter’s condition carefully, ensure proper configuration and installation of the coulters, and make sure the seeding head is symmetrically placed at the same height for optimal performance.
4. **Harvesting**
Walking tractors are commonly equipped with 4GL-130 harvesters. During harvesting, the main reason for the unit drifting is inconsistent cutting clearance, which leads to unequal cutting resistance. Differences in the height of the cutting knife, varying cutting heights, or incorrect selection of cutting width can all contribute to uneven resistance. Additionally, uneven ground conditions can cause deviation. To address this, identify the root cause and take appropriate corrective actions such as adjusting the cutting height or ensuring the harvester is properly aligned.
5. **Trenching Operation**
The typical manual tractor configuration includes either a front-type 1KSQ-35A or rear-type 1KSH-35A small disc trencher, used mainly for digging drainage ditches. Poor linearity during trenching often results from excessive centerline deviation between the cutterhead and the tractor’s driving axle (with tolerances of 8 mm for 1KSQ-35A and 5 mm for 1KSH-35A), a distorted cutterhead, or a deformed rack. Incorrect installation or damage to the coulter can also cause issues. Regular checks and adjustments are essential. Ensure the cutterhead is correctly positioned, and if any coulter is broken or missing, stop the machine immediately and replace the part.
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