Winter is a great time for farmers to focus on building farmyard fertilizers, as there's less fieldwork to do. However, the low temperatures during this season can slow down or even prevent the natural fermentation of manure. To overcome this challenge, it's important to follow four key steps when making compost:
First, choose a location that's close to the manure source, sheltered from the wind, and easy to access. This ensures convenience and helps maintain a stable environment for composting.
Second, shape the manure pile into a round mound with a height of over one meter to help retain heat. Start by laying a layer of straw or grass at the base, then evenly spread the mixed manure. It’s important to increase the proportion of "hot" manure—such as from poultry or livestock—and reduce the amount of water and soil. This not only speeds up the fermentation process but also improves the quality of the final product.
Third, in winter, compost piles are prone to freezing, which can hinder the decomposition process. To avoid this, make sure the pile is large enough so that heat is distributed slowly throughout. You can also create small pits within the pile, fill them with weeds, and light a slow fire to aid in the heating process. Be careful not to let the fire burn too hot, as this could damage the compost.
Fourth, cover the entire pile with a thick layer of grass—around 30 to 50 cm thick—to provide insulation. Then, apply a layer of mud over it. If available, you can also use old plastic sheets to further protect the compost from cold air and moisture.
By following these steps, farmers can effectively produce high-quality compost even during the colder months, ensuring better soil fertility for the next growing season.
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