Winter offers less farm work, making it an ideal time to prepare farmyard fertilizers. However, due to the low temperatures, traditional manure composting can be slow and inefficient. To ensure successful composting during winter, it's essential to focus on four key steps:
First, choose a composting site that is close to the manure source, located in a leeward area, and easily accessible for transportation. This helps reduce the effort needed to move materials and ensures better management of the composting process.
Second, when building the manure pile, aim for a round shape with a height of over one meter to help retain heat. Start by laying a base of straw or dried grass, then evenly spread the mixed manure. It’s important to increase the ratio of hot manure—such as from poultry or livestock—and reduce the amount of water and soil. This not only speeds up the fermentation process but also improves the quality of the final compost.
Third, during winter, compost piles are prone to freezing, which can hinder microbial activity. To prevent this, build larger piles to generate more internal heat. You can also create small pits within the pile, fill them with weeds, and light a slow fire to help accelerate the composting process. Be careful not to let the fire get too intense, as it could damage the organic material.
Fourth, cover the entire compost pile with a thick layer of straw or hay, about 30 to 50 cm thick, to provide insulation. Then, seal the pile with mud if possible. In areas with available resources, covering the pile with old plastic sheets can further enhance insulation and protect the compost from excessive moisture.
By following these steps, you can effectively manage the composting process even in cold weather, ensuring high-quality fertilizer for the next growing season.
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