Garlic has developed a well-established industry due to its mild climate and long cultivation history. However, the occurrence of pests and diseases in garlic is becoming increasingly severe, threatening both yield and quality. Common problems include root rot, leaf blight, purple spot, and gray mold, which have significantly impacted garlic production in recent years.
Root rot is one of the most destructive pests, primarily affecting onions, garlic, leeks, and other members of the Liliaceae family. The larvae are yellowish in color, about 5-7 mm in length, and often resemble feces. They mainly attack the roots of garlic plants, causing the lower leaves to turn yellow, dry out, and eventually lead to plant death. Once an infestation occurs, the damage can spread rapidly within 3 to 5 days, making early prevention crucial.
To manage root rot effectively, it's important to follow a timely and thorough control plan. Prevention should start around September 15th to 24th, with two to three applications during this period. A second round of treatment is recommended in late October. For soil treatment, it’s essential to apply poisoned soil before and after garlic emergence. Each mu (approximately 667 square meters) requires 2 bags of "Land" mixed with 20 kg of fine soil. After emergence, spray 1/2 bag each of "Ken" and "Enemy" mixed with 1 bucket of water. At least three barrels of water per acre should be used for thorough coverage.
Important notes: Apply poisoned soil directly along the garlic rows, spray the heart leaves and roots, ensure at least three barrels of water per acre, and apply treatments after 4 PM when conditions are more favorable.
In addition to pests, several fungal diseases such as leaf blight, purple spot, and gray mold also pose serious threats. These diseases thrive in cool, humid environments and have caused significant losses in garlic fields across the city in recent years.
For disease management, a combination of cultural and chemical practices is recommended. First, implement balanced fertilization to avoid excessive nitrogen use, promoting strong and healthy garlic growth. Second, promptly remove infected plants and apply protective sprays. Chemical controls include:
- Before symptoms appear, spray with 50% thiophanate-methyl diluted 500–600 times.
- For leaf blight, use 50% Yelingling at 1000 times or 75% chlorothalonil at 500 times every 7 days, applying 2–3 times if necessary.
- For purple spot, apply 70% mancozeb manganese at 160 grams per kilogram or 75% chlorothalonil at 500 times, repeating every 7 days for up to 2 sprays.
- For gray mold, use 50% Fast-King at 1500 times or 50% acetaminophen at 1000 times, applying once every 7 days for 2–3 times.
It is also important to alternate pesticide use to prevent resistance development. These strategies, combined with proper timing and application techniques, can greatly improve the health and productivity of garlic crops. (Hubei Dangyang Agricultural 110 Service Center)
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