In the months of June and July, the weather is highly variable, with high temperatures, thunderstorms, and typhoons occurring in quick succession. This period marks a critical phase for the breeding of larvae, where temperature control becomes essential. At this stage, sunlight is intense, water temperatures in ponds rise, and algae, bacteria, and other microorganisms flourish. This can lead to reduced water clarity, elevated pH levels, oxygen depletion due to oxygen debt, and sudden shifts in water quality caused by rapid climate changes—conditions that often trigger disease outbreaks.
To effectively manage these challenges, the following measures should be taken:
1. During the summer heat, shading and cooling techniques should be implemented, along with increasing the frequency of water exchanges. European oyster farming ponds typically require 1.2 to 1.5 times more water per day, while Japanese oyster farms and earthen ponds need to adjust water levels based on water color and quality. Regular monitoring of physical and chemical parameters is also crucial to track water conditions and respond promptly when necessary.
2. With frequent rainfall and thunderstorms this year, water sources and pond water can experience abrupt changes in turbidity and pH levels. These fluctuations can lead to serious disease outbreaks. In mountainous regions, soil and water tend to be acidic, so during heavy rain, it's important to avoid adding cloudy water into the ponds. Instead, clear water should be used, and substances like fresh lime or clay can be added to help settle suspended particles, clarify the water, and kill harmful bacteria, thus improving the overall aquatic environment.
3. Feeding should be carefully managed during high-temperature periods. Overfeeding should be avoided to prevent overeating, which can lead to sepsis. Feeding time should generally not exceed 20 minutes, and feeding should be done in small, controlled portions. Especially during the peak summer months, unrestricted feeding can increase the risk of disease. Additionally, every 5–6 days, water treatments such as potassium permanganate or chlorine-based disinfectants should be applied to improve water quality and prevent infections.
4. Before and after a typhoon, it's essential to monitor weather forecasts closely and prepare for emergencies. Ensure that all equipment, including power systems and shading nets, is secure and functional. Power panels should be protected from moisture, and generators must be ready to operate if needed. Adjust feeding schedules to reduce or stop feeding before the storm hits, and conduct water quality improvements using chlorine disinfectants, potassium permanganate, or eco-diverting agents. After the typhoon, gradually increase feed amounts and add health-supporting supplements like squid multi-vitamins, probiotics, vitamin C, vitamin E, and liver protectants to help the organisms recover and build resilience against stress.
5. Common diseases during the hot season include sepsis, mad disease, fungal gizzard disease, and gill rot in European oysters. The key to disease prevention lies in maintaining a clean water environment and avoiding overcrowding. It’s important to avoid the use of stimulant drugs unless absolutely necessary. When treating diseases, prioritize improving water conditions first, then address the illness itself. Avoid prolonged fasting or excessive drug baths without proper guidance. Depending on the situation, resume small feedings and add sensitive antibiotics or additives that support internal organ recovery to help the animals regain their health efficiently.
By implementing these strategies, aquaculture operations can better manage the challenges of summer, ensuring healthier stock and more stable production.
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