In the months of June and July, the weather becomes highly unpredictable, with alternating periods of high temperatures, thunderstorms, and typhoons. This climate creates ideal conditions for the rapid growth of larvae, marking a critical phase in aquaculture management. During this time, sunlight is intense, water temperatures in ponds rise significantly, and algae, bacteria, and other microorganisms flourish. This can lead to reduced water clarity, elevated pH levels, oxygen depletion, and sudden shifts in water quality due to abrupt weather changes—factors that often trigger disease outbreaks.
To effectively manage these challenges, the following measures are recommended:
1. During the hot summer months, it's essential to implement shading and cooling techniques, increase water exchange rates, and enhance cleaning and drainage efforts. For European oyster farming, daily water replacement should be between 1.2 to 1.5 times the pond volume. In Japanese oyster farms and earthen ponds, water control must be adjusted based on water color and quality. Regular monitoring of physical and chemical parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and ammonia levels is also crucial to maintain optimal conditions.
2. With increased rainfall and frequent thunderstorms, water sources and pond water can experience sudden changes in turbidity and pH. These fluctuations can lead to serious disease outbreaks. In mountainous areas, where the soil is naturally acidic, it’s important to avoid adding muddy water during heavy rains. Instead, wait for clearer water sources and use lime or fresh water to clarify the pond and eliminate harmful bacteria, thus improving the overall aquatic environment.
3. Feeding during the high-temperature period should be carefully managed. Overfeeding can lead to digestive issues and even sepsis. It's best to keep feeding sessions within 20 minutes, ensuring that the animals are fully fed but not overfed. Especially in European oyster farming, unrestricted feeding can lead to severe health problems. Additionally, every 5–6 days, consider using mild disinfectants like potassium permanganate or chlorine-based products to improve water quality and prevent infections.
4. Before and after a typhoon, it's vital to stay informed about weather forecasts and prepare accordingly. Ensure that power systems, including generators and electrical panels, are secure and protected from rain. Secure all nets and structures to prevent damage. Adjust feeding schedules to reduce or stop feeding before the storm, and after the typhoon, gradually resume feeding while adding supplements like vitamin C, liver support agents, and probiotics to help the organisms recover and build resilience against stress.
5. The main diseases observed during the high-temperature period include sepsis, mad disease, fungal gizzard disease, and gill rot in European oysters. Effective disease prevention starts with maintaining a clean and stable water environment, proper stocking density, and avoiding the use of stimulant drugs. When treating diseases, prioritize improving water quality first, then address the illness directly. Avoid prolonged fasting or excessive drug baths unless absolutely necessary. Instead, reintroduce small amounts of food and add targeted anti-pathogenic agents and gut-supporting additives to aid recovery and restore health effectively.
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