The breeding technology is an important supporting technology for mechanical transplanting, and it is the technical guarantee and support for mechanical transplanting. The quality of breeding is the key to the success of mechanical transplanting technology. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt comprehensive technical measures to cultivate a good seedling that meets the machine transplanting.
1. Machine transplanting requirements for seedlings
The machine transplanting method adopts the method of transplanting with soil cutting block. The carrier of the seedling is a clam block. The clam block is required to be 58 cm long, 28 cm wide and 2 cm thick. The squares of the clam block are square and square, and there is no corner, every square centimeter. On the small clam block, there are 2-3 seedlings in the conventional rice, and 1-2 in the hybrid rice, the height of the seedling is 12-15 cm, the age of the seedling is 15-20 days, and the leaf age is 3-4 leaves. The base stem has a width of 2 to 2.5 mm, and the number of white roots per plant is more than 10, the leaf color is green, the seedlings are even and tidy, the height is consistent, and the roots are well-knotted.
2. Raising technical measures
To achieve the requirements of machine seedlings for seedlings, the following technical work should be done.
1Select Putian,. Choose the terrain is high, the leeward is sunny, the soil layer is loose and fertile, easy to fill and drain, the surface is smooth, and the place where transportation is convenient is to make the field. The ratio of Putian to Daejeon is 1:80 or 1:100. For the convenience of management, it is also possible to adapt to local conditions, choose the concrete floor behind the house in front of the house, the roof and other places for the breeding address.
2 Prepare the bed soil. The bed soil should be made of fertile and loose vegetable garden soil, cultivated and matured dry land soil, and the surface soil of paddy fields that are ploughed in autumn and winter. The bed soil should be sieved, the soil particle diameter is less than 5 mm, no debris, no small gravel, fine soil with few pathogens. The amount of soil per acre of field bed is about 100kg.
3 秧 board requirements. The raft is made 10 days before sowing, the width of the board is 1.4-1.5 meters, the width of the slab is 20-30 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 20 cm. And drain the plate to make the board surface solid. 1 to 2 days before sowing, the shovel is high and low, filling in the cracks, and fully photographing to achieve the run, level, light, real and straight. Run, the board surface is moist, the surrounding grooves are smooth; flat, the board surface is flat; light, board surface light is free of debris; real, the board surface is solid, not trapped; straight, the board surface is neatly sloping vertical.
4 sowing at the right time. First, select the high-yield, stable, high-quality rice varieties that are suitable for local cultivation provided by the local agricultural department. Early rice can be planted in late March, and each ar field is prepared with 58 metric floppy disks of 58 cm × 28 cm × 2 cm, and conventional rice is prepared for 3-4 kg per mu of field and 2.5 kg for hybrid rice. The sowing amount should be appropriate when planting, and the valley should be even. Conventional early rice is 150-180 grams per bud, and 90 grams per bud of early hybrid rice. After sowing, the cover soil is uniform, the thickness is generally 3-5 mm, the bed soil is kept moist, and the cover film is kept warm.
5 Putian management.
The first is to uncover the film and refine the seedlings. Before the emergence of early rice, the high temperature and high humidity promoted the seedlings, and the temperature inside the membrane was controlled at about 30 degrees. After the seedlings, the film should be uncovered. It was unveiled in the evening on a sunny day, and it was exposed in the cloudy morning. It was uncovered before the rain and rain. Appropriately make up the water on the day of uncovering the film to keep the bed soil moist. In the leaf stage of the seedlings, the temperature is moisturized and strong, and the temperature inside the membrane is controlled at about 26 degrees to prevent the lengthening. At the two-leaf stage, the temperature in the membrane was controlled at 22 degrees. The three-leaf stage refining seedling promotes the seedling rooting, increases the tension of the seedling block, and facilitates machine insertion.
The second is to apply fertilizer and break the milk fertilizer. Generally, at the time of uncovering the film or after 1-2 days, 400 mu of decomposed human excrement per acre of seedlings, 800 kg of water, or 500 kg of urea with 500 kg of water, poured in the evening. If the bed is fertile, it can be dispensed with. Give the marrying fertilizer, 3-4 days before planting, depending on the growth of the seedlings, and apply the martilization. 5 kg of urea per acre of seedlings, 500 kg of water, poured in the evening. If the seedling leaves are green and thick, the leaves are draped and can be dispensed.
The third is pest control and weed control. During the seedlings, according to the occurrence of diseases and insects, we will do a good job in the prevention and control of aphids, rice locusts, Laodelphax striatellus, rice blast and other diseases and insect pests. At the same time, the plants and weeds should be removed frequently to ensure the purity of the seedlings.
6 cut and squat. In the double-membrane breeding method, after the seedlings are formed, the whole seedlings must be cut into a length of 58 cm and a width of 28 cm by a cutter, which is suitable for the block shape of the machine.
When starting the seedlings, try to reduce the number of movements of the seedlings, so that they can be handled lightly, ready to be seeded, transported at any time, and planted at any time to prevent damage to the seedlings.