Winter corn is sown from late October to November of that year, and corn harvested from April to May of the following year. The characteristics of its growth and development are: poor root development, weak ability to absorb water and fertilizer, growth and development is not as good as summer sowing corn, the same variety, winter sowing than summer planting short dwarfs, growth period. The altitude of 1,300 meters above sea level in the province and the Jinsha River low-heat valley area are suitable for the cultivation of winter corn. Summarize the experience of high yield of winter maize in various areas, and cultivate key technical links such as selection of good varieties, appropriate sowing, plastic film coverage, planting specifications, water and fertilizer management, and prevention and control of diseases, pests, mice and rats.
First, sowing specifications and density: According to the selection of varieties, winter corn growth and development characteristics, climate characteristics and fertilization levels to determine the sowing specifications and density.
1. Variety selection: Winter corn planting is based on the premise that it does not affect the planting of the spring season. As far as possible, select early, mid-maturing and high-resistance hybrid high-quality corn varieties, such as Yunyou 196, Yunrui 8, Yunrui 9, etc. Single No. 4, Sweet No. 8, Zhadan series, Zhongdan series, etc.
2, to determine the sowing date, due to low winter temperatures, winter sowing corn than the summer maize growth period. In addition, winter corn is afraid of frost, such as the frost period in the growth period, if it is light, the production will be reduced, while the weight will be lost. Therefore, planting winter corn must choose a frost-free area, and at the same time understand the local minimum temperature, to arrange a good sowing date. According to meteorological data, the lowest temperatures in Linyi and Simao in the south of our province are in the middle and middle of January. In order to make winter corn less susceptible or free from frost damage, the sowing season is generally from late October to November.
3, sowing specifications and density, the use of wide and narrow rows of standardized cultivation, the composite band depending on the net species or intercropping may be. Net species, 50cm narrow, 90-93cm wide, 2 rows of corn on narrow rows, 40cm spacing, 13-17cm spacing, 5000-5500 strains per acre, intercropping, narrow row 42cm, width Line 133 centimeters, planting 2 rows of corn on a narrow row, spacing 33 centimeters, 13-17 centimeters spacing, 3 rows of soybeans or 2 rows of potatoes between wide rows, 4000-4500 strains of maize per acre.
Second, soil preparation and sowing. The field for planting winter maize must be drained by digging the trough of yellow trough. Rice should be harvested in a timely manner after plowing. The rice should be shredded at the right time, and the trough should be divided according to the size of the plot. Then, the planting ditch should be used to open the seeding trough for directional wetting. Live broadcast, corn sowing 2 per pond, Dingmiao 1 strain. Soybean spacing is 33-40 cm, pond distance is 13-17 cm, and 2-3 pellets per pond. Whether it is corn or soybeans, the seeds are buried in the soil during sowing so that the seeds can fully absorb water and reach full seedlings.
Third, fertilization. The application of winter maize should be based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing. The basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers, topdressing with nitrogen fertilizers, and top dressings generally not less than three times. Fertilization requires NPK combined application, increase manure and zinc fertilizer. In general, the amount of fertilizer used per mu is not less than 40 kg for nitrogen fertilizer, 50 kg for phosphate fertilizer, 20-25 kg for potash fertilizer, 1 kg for zinc fertilizer, and 1,000 kg for farmyard fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be applied in the middle of the two pond corns to avoid contact between fertilizer and seeds. The first time dressing, seedlings 4-5 high leaves, mu urea 10 kg. The second time dressing, the seedling height 6-7 leaves, mu urea 20 kg, potassium fertilizer 10-15 kg. The third time dressing is in full heading stage, with 5 kg of urea per mu. It is best to use the top-dressing gun for deep application. At the same time, when topdressing, it should be first filled with water to increase soil moisture content, which will facilitate the dissolution of fertilizers and facilitate corn absorption. Conditional areas, the base fertilizer with 2 kg of bio-potash fertilizer, multi-foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulators can also be sprayed to increase ear weight.
Fourth, cover film. Due to the relatively low temperature of winter maize, the soil water capacity in the field decreased with the end of the rainy season, less rainfall, and more wind. For this reason, it is very important to increase the temperature and moisture through the cover film. The relevant test data show that the yield of winter corn cover film and non-cover film is more than double. The field of the cover film requires that the soil block be finely crushed, the screed surface should be leveled, the film should be tight when the film is covered, and the soil around the film should be compacted. There are two kinds of sowing methods: First, after the first sowing cover film, this method can be oriented, you can sow the seeds and then cover the soil, the emergence rate is high, the orientation rate of up to 90%. However, it is important to pay attention to the emergence of membrane-breaking seedlings within 5 days after sowing, otherwise it will cause burning seedlings. The second is to fertilize and cover the soil first, then cover the film, cover the film with a pointed stick to break the hole and sow the plant. After sowing, seal the hole with fine soil. This way can reduce the membrane break time and avoid burning seedlings. Full seedlings, but the orientation rate is not as good as the former method.
Fifth, field management. Only 30% of the workload is completed at the end of sowing, and 70% will be implemented within 4-5 months after sowing. The first is to promote seedling irrigation. After sowing, if the soil is too dry, it should be filled with 1 seedling water to make it reach full seedlings. In the middle and later period, it should be watered according to the soil moisture content; secondly, it must break the membrane in time to conduct seedling inspection, seedling recruitment, and seedling seedling establishment; The seedlings are timely topdressing; Fourth, when the winter corn is sown, the temperature is high, the soil moisture is sufficient, and the weeds are easy to grow. Chemical herbicides should be used for spraying and weeding. Ground tigers and voles are the main obstacles causing the shortage of winter corn, especially the voles. They also feed on the tree and eat the ears, resulting in a bumper harvest. They should take appropriate measures to prevent and control them. The fifth is frost and frost resistance. That is to say, we should do a good job of weeding and stacking fumes at the edge of Tanabe, especially for low-cut fields, and we can also spray antifreeze before low temperature comes.
First, sowing specifications and density: According to the selection of varieties, winter corn growth and development characteristics, climate characteristics and fertilization levels to determine the sowing specifications and density.
1. Variety selection: Winter corn planting is based on the premise that it does not affect the planting of the spring season. As far as possible, select early, mid-maturing and high-resistance hybrid high-quality corn varieties, such as Yunyou 196, Yunrui 8, Yunrui 9, etc. Single No. 4, Sweet No. 8, Zhadan series, Zhongdan series, etc.
2, to determine the sowing date, due to low winter temperatures, winter sowing corn than the summer maize growth period. In addition, winter corn is afraid of frost, such as the frost period in the growth period, if it is light, the production will be reduced, while the weight will be lost. Therefore, planting winter corn must choose a frost-free area, and at the same time understand the local minimum temperature, to arrange a good sowing date. According to meteorological data, the lowest temperatures in Linyi and Simao in the south of our province are in the middle and middle of January. In order to make winter corn less susceptible or free from frost damage, the sowing season is generally from late October to November.
3, sowing specifications and density, the use of wide and narrow rows of standardized cultivation, the composite band depending on the net species or intercropping may be. Net species, 50cm narrow, 90-93cm wide, 2 rows of corn on narrow rows, 40cm spacing, 13-17cm spacing, 5000-5500 strains per acre, intercropping, narrow row 42cm, width Line 133 centimeters, planting 2 rows of corn on a narrow row, spacing 33 centimeters, 13-17 centimeters spacing, 3 rows of soybeans or 2 rows of potatoes between wide rows, 4000-4500 strains of maize per acre.
Second, soil preparation and sowing. The field for planting winter maize must be drained by digging the trough of yellow trough. Rice should be harvested in a timely manner after plowing. The rice should be shredded at the right time, and the trough should be divided according to the size of the plot. Then, the planting ditch should be used to open the seeding trough for directional wetting. Live broadcast, corn sowing 2 per pond, Dingmiao 1 strain. Soybean spacing is 33-40 cm, pond distance is 13-17 cm, and 2-3 pellets per pond. Whether it is corn or soybeans, the seeds are buried in the soil during sowing so that the seeds can fully absorb water and reach full seedlings.
Third, fertilization. The application of winter maize should be based on basal fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing. The basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers, topdressing with nitrogen fertilizers, and top dressings generally not less than three times. Fertilization requires NPK combined application, increase manure and zinc fertilizer. In general, the amount of fertilizer used per mu is not less than 40 kg for nitrogen fertilizer, 50 kg for phosphate fertilizer, 20-25 kg for potash fertilizer, 1 kg for zinc fertilizer, and 1,000 kg for farmyard fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be applied in the middle of the two pond corns to avoid contact between fertilizer and seeds. The first time dressing, seedlings 4-5 high leaves, mu urea 10 kg. The second time dressing, the seedling height 6-7 leaves, mu urea 20 kg, potassium fertilizer 10-15 kg. The third time dressing is in full heading stage, with 5 kg of urea per mu. It is best to use the top-dressing gun for deep application. At the same time, when topdressing, it should be first filled with water to increase soil moisture content, which will facilitate the dissolution of fertilizers and facilitate corn absorption. Conditional areas, the base fertilizer with 2 kg of bio-potash fertilizer, multi-foliar fertilizer and plant growth regulators can also be sprayed to increase ear weight.
Fourth, cover film. Due to the relatively low temperature of winter maize, the soil water capacity in the field decreased with the end of the rainy season, less rainfall, and more wind. For this reason, it is very important to increase the temperature and moisture through the cover film. The relevant test data show that the yield of winter corn cover film and non-cover film is more than double. The field of the cover film requires that the soil block be finely crushed, the screed surface should be leveled, the film should be tight when the film is covered, and the soil around the film should be compacted. There are two kinds of sowing methods: First, after the first sowing cover film, this method can be oriented, you can sow the seeds and then cover the soil, the emergence rate is high, the orientation rate of up to 90%. However, it is important to pay attention to the emergence of membrane-breaking seedlings within 5 days after sowing, otherwise it will cause burning seedlings. The second is to fertilize and cover the soil first, then cover the film, cover the film with a pointed stick to break the hole and sow the plant. After sowing, seal the hole with fine soil. This way can reduce the membrane break time and avoid burning seedlings. Full seedlings, but the orientation rate is not as good as the former method.
Fifth, field management. Only 30% of the workload is completed at the end of sowing, and 70% will be implemented within 4-5 months after sowing. The first is to promote seedling irrigation. After sowing, if the soil is too dry, it should be filled with 1 seedling water to make it reach full seedlings. In the middle and later period, it should be watered according to the soil moisture content; secondly, it must break the membrane in time to conduct seedling inspection, seedling recruitment, and seedling seedling establishment; The seedlings are timely topdressing; Fourth, when the winter corn is sown, the temperature is high, the soil moisture is sufficient, and the weeds are easy to grow. Chemical herbicides should be used for spraying and weeding. Ground tigers and voles are the main obstacles causing the shortage of winter corn, especially the voles. They also feed on the tree and eat the ears, resulting in a bumper harvest. They should take appropriate measures to prevent and control them. The fifth is frost and frost resistance. That is to say, we should do a good job of weeding and stacking fumes at the edge of Tanabe, especially for low-cut fields, and we can also spray antifreeze before low temperature comes.
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