I. Fertilizer properties
1. Base fertilizer includes manure, compost, and green manure. Organic fertilizers are mostly rich in organic matter, humus, and various elements and trace elements required for fruit trees. Organic fertilizers must be decomposed and shielded by microbial fermentation to be absorbed by fruit trees. Comprehensive nutrition, rich in content, slow release of nutrients, and long-term fertilizer efficiency are the features of organic fertilizers. They are basic fertilizers for the growth and development of fruit trees.
2. Fertilizers can be divided into nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers and trace element fertilizers according to the nutrients they contain. Single ingredient, high nutrient content, and rapid fertilizer efficiency are characteristics of chemical fertilizers. It is a kind of supplementary fertilizer for the special needs of nutrients at different growth stages of fruit trees based on the use of basic fertilizers.
Second, fertilization period
1. Basal Fertilizer The basic fertilizer is the main fertilizer for fruit tree growth in one year. It mainly contains slow-acting fertilizers such as manure, compost, oil dregs, and human feces and urine, etc. It can also be mixed with some available nitrogen fertilizer to speed up fertilizer efficiency. . Superphosphate and bone powder are often applied directly to the soil and are easily combined with calcium and iron elements in the soil and are not easily absorbed by the apricot tree. In order to give full play to the fertilizer effect, superphosphate, bone meal and circulatory fertilizers, and human manure and other organic fertilizers should be accumulated and used as basal fertilizers. After the basal fertilizer is applied to the soil, it can supply a large number of elements and trace elements absorbed by the apricot tree for a long period of time. This will provide a good foundation for the second year results for the consumption of the tree due to the flowering result, quick restoration of the tree potential. Apricot basal fertilizer is best applied in autumn, that is, it is applied as early as possible from September to October with ploughing. Early application due to high temperatures and soil temperatures, the severed roots can heal quickly, and new roots are released. After the fertilizer is applied, the roots can be absorbed and used after the decomposition of microorganisms, which increases the storage of carbohydrates and proteins in the tree. , And flower bud differentiation and the second year of flowering, fruit setting, new shoot growth and a series of life activities are very favorable. Early basal fertilization has no significant effect on apricot trees that grow robustly and store high nutrient moisture.
2. Top-dressing Topdressing can not only promote strong, high-yield, high-quality trees in the year, but also lay a foundation for the growth results in the coming year. It is an indispensable fertilization link in the production of apricot trees. The frequency and time of topdressing are related to climate, soil quality, age, and so on. Generally high temperature and rain or sand soil fertilizer is easy to lose, fertilizer should be a small number of times; otherwise, the frequency of top dressing can be reduced. The frequency of top dressing of young trees should be less, as the tree age grows, the amount of results increases, the growth rate slows down, and the number of top dressings also increases, in order to regulate the contradiction between growth and results. The top dressing application period should be based on the growth and development rules and phenological period of apricot trees, and it should be carried out during the crucial period when nutrition is needed. After the flower is thawed in spring, the fertilizer is applied in time after the spring soil is thawed. The fertilizer containing mainly fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer is added to supplement the deficiency of tree nutrient storage to ensure uniform flowering, good pollination and fertilization, increase fruit setting rate, promote root growth, and increase new shoot growth. The amount of early growth. After flowering, the fertilizer is applied after flowering. The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added to supplement the consumption of nutrients during the flowering period, and the fruit set is increased and the shoot growth is promoted. At this point the rapid expansion of young fruit and the vigorous growth of the branches and leaves require a large amount of nitrogen. If the supply is insufficient, not only the fruit drop is serious, but also the growth of the leaves is hindered.
3. Flower bud differentiation fertilizer is also called hard core fertilizer. Before the flower buds differentiated, or when the hard nuclear stage began to be applied, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers were mainly used, together with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Its role is to supplement the growth of young fruit and shoots on the consumption of nutrients, promote flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement, especially for early fruit varieties of fruit enlargement and embryo, nuclear development has a good effect. If nutrients are insufficient at this time, the nucleus and embryos are poorly developed, affecting flower bud differentiation and fruit growth.
4. The berry fruit fertilizer was applied 15 to 20 days before harvest, and the main application was quick-acting potash fertilizer. The purpose is to promote the second rapid expansion of fruit in mid-late maturing varieties, increase yield, improve fruit quality, and increase sugar content.
5. The harvested fruits were harvested after harvest and were mainly nitrogenous fertilizers, supplemented with phosphorus and potash fertilizers. This fertilizer is mainly used for mid-late-maturing varieties with depletion of nutrients and trees with declining tree vigor. It compensates for deficits in nutrients due to a large number of results, restores tree vigor, increases nutrient accumulation in the tree body, enriches shoots, and improves winter-resistance and cold-resistance capacity. Build a good foundation for the next year's high yield.
Third, fertilization method
1. Ring Groove Method Apply an annular groove with a width of 40 cm and a depth of 50-60 cm along the outer edge of the canopy 20-30 cm. Apply organic fertilizer and topsoil at a ratio of 1:3 and mix a small amount of chemical fertilizer.
2. Trench fertilization is applied to fertilize the trees in rows or between trees, that is, digging 40 cm wide, 50-60 cm deep and 100-200 cm long in the outer rows of the tree's row crowns. The organic fertilizer, topsoil and A small amount of compound fertilizer is applied uniformly.
1. Base fertilizer includes manure, compost, and green manure. Organic fertilizers are mostly rich in organic matter, humus, and various elements and trace elements required for fruit trees. Organic fertilizers must be decomposed and shielded by microbial fermentation to be absorbed by fruit trees. Comprehensive nutrition, rich in content, slow release of nutrients, and long-term fertilizer efficiency are the features of organic fertilizers. They are basic fertilizers for the growth and development of fruit trees.
2. Fertilizers can be divided into nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers and trace element fertilizers according to the nutrients they contain. Single ingredient, high nutrient content, and rapid fertilizer efficiency are characteristics of chemical fertilizers. It is a kind of supplementary fertilizer for the special needs of nutrients at different growth stages of fruit trees based on the use of basic fertilizers.
Second, fertilization period
1. Basal Fertilizer The basic fertilizer is the main fertilizer for fruit tree growth in one year. It mainly contains slow-acting fertilizers such as manure, compost, oil dregs, and human feces and urine, etc. It can also be mixed with some available nitrogen fertilizer to speed up fertilizer efficiency. . Superphosphate and bone powder are often applied directly to the soil and are easily combined with calcium and iron elements in the soil and are not easily absorbed by the apricot tree. In order to give full play to the fertilizer effect, superphosphate, bone meal and circulatory fertilizers, and human manure and other organic fertilizers should be accumulated and used as basal fertilizers. After the basal fertilizer is applied to the soil, it can supply a large number of elements and trace elements absorbed by the apricot tree for a long period of time. This will provide a good foundation for the second year results for the consumption of the tree due to the flowering result, quick restoration of the tree potential. Apricot basal fertilizer is best applied in autumn, that is, it is applied as early as possible from September to October with ploughing. Early application due to high temperatures and soil temperatures, the severed roots can heal quickly, and new roots are released. After the fertilizer is applied, the roots can be absorbed and used after the decomposition of microorganisms, which increases the storage of carbohydrates and proteins in the tree. , And flower bud differentiation and the second year of flowering, fruit setting, new shoot growth and a series of life activities are very favorable. Early basal fertilization has no significant effect on apricot trees that grow robustly and store high nutrient moisture.
2. Top-dressing Topdressing can not only promote strong, high-yield, high-quality trees in the year, but also lay a foundation for the growth results in the coming year. It is an indispensable fertilization link in the production of apricot trees. The frequency and time of topdressing are related to climate, soil quality, age, and so on. Generally high temperature and rain or sand soil fertilizer is easy to lose, fertilizer should be a small number of times; otherwise, the frequency of top dressing can be reduced. The frequency of top dressing of young trees should be less, as the tree age grows, the amount of results increases, the growth rate slows down, and the number of top dressings also increases, in order to regulate the contradiction between growth and results. The top dressing application period should be based on the growth and development rules and phenological period of apricot trees, and it should be carried out during the crucial period when nutrition is needed. After the flower is thawed in spring, the fertilizer is applied in time after the spring soil is thawed. The fertilizer containing mainly fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer is added to supplement the deficiency of tree nutrient storage to ensure uniform flowering, good pollination and fertilization, increase fruit setting rate, promote root growth, and increase new shoot growth. The amount of early growth. After flowering, the fertilizer is applied after flowering. The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added to supplement the consumption of nutrients during the flowering period, and the fruit set is increased and the shoot growth is promoted. At this point the rapid expansion of young fruit and the vigorous growth of the branches and leaves require a large amount of nitrogen. If the supply is insufficient, not only the fruit drop is serious, but also the growth of the leaves is hindered.
3. Flower bud differentiation fertilizer is also called hard core fertilizer. Before the flower buds differentiated, or when the hard nuclear stage began to be applied, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers were mainly used, together with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Its role is to supplement the growth of young fruit and shoots on the consumption of nutrients, promote flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement, especially for early fruit varieties of fruit enlargement and embryo, nuclear development has a good effect. If nutrients are insufficient at this time, the nucleus and embryos are poorly developed, affecting flower bud differentiation and fruit growth.
4. The berry fruit fertilizer was applied 15 to 20 days before harvest, and the main application was quick-acting potash fertilizer. The purpose is to promote the second rapid expansion of fruit in mid-late maturing varieties, increase yield, improve fruit quality, and increase sugar content.
5. The harvested fruits were harvested after harvest and were mainly nitrogenous fertilizers, supplemented with phosphorus and potash fertilizers. This fertilizer is mainly used for mid-late-maturing varieties with depletion of nutrients and trees with declining tree vigor. It compensates for deficits in nutrients due to a large number of results, restores tree vigor, increases nutrient accumulation in the tree body, enriches shoots, and improves winter-resistance and cold-resistance capacity. Build a good foundation for the next year's high yield.
Third, fertilization method
1. Ring Groove Method Apply an annular groove with a width of 40 cm and a depth of 50-60 cm along the outer edge of the canopy 20-30 cm. Apply organic fertilizer and topsoil at a ratio of 1:3 and mix a small amount of chemical fertilizer.
2. Trench fertilization is applied to fertilize the trees in rows or between trees, that is, digging 40 cm wide, 50-60 cm deep and 100-200 cm long in the outer rows of the tree's row crowns. The organic fertilizer, topsoil and A small amount of compound fertilizer is applied uniformly.
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