First, culture methods
1. Preparation of ponds and supporting facilities
(1) Pond preparation: The pond area is about 3 to 5 mu, and the water depth is about 1.5 meters from east to west. The bottom of the pond is laid with plastic film to prevent water seepage, facilitate drainage, and wash and disinfect the pond later. The bottom of the pool should be slightly inclined towards the middle, and a drainage hole should be provided in the middle to open the pipeline to the outside drainage channel to facilitate the drainage. Before the previous batch of shrimps were cultivated and the next batch of shrimps were farmed, we conducted a thorough washing of the ponds to flush the mud in the pools, the dirt on the artificial grass, and clean up the plants and aeration pipes.
(2) Aeration and warming facilities: In the bottom of the pool, according to the length and width of the pool, lay the appropriate number and length of aeration pipes in the north-south direction. Prepare aerators such as air pumps and aerators.
Lay a hot water heating pipe at the bottom of the tank with an iron pipe (the outer pipe is preferably covered with a film to prevent the iron pipe from rusting or coated with antirust paint), and connect the main water pipe so that hot water enters the pool through the main water inlet pipe. In the middle of the cycle, it flows out of the main return pipe to achieve the effect of warming. At the same time, in winter, covered with insulation film and straw curtain.
2. Treatment of aquaculture water The aquaculture water is the water in the surrounding aqueduct. The water is added to the pool, about 50 to 60 cm. About 75 kg of lime are used for disinfection per acre. After four or five days, organic fertilizer, biological agents and other fertilizers are added. Adjust the physical and chemical indicators of water.
3 shrimp stocking in order to stagger the peak of cultivation. Releasing time is generally in February and early July. After the shrimp seedlings are desalinated, the seedlings can be planted after the seedlings have no problem, and the seedling density is set at 150,000 mu per mu. After the emergence of seedlings, the survival of the seedlings must be observed.
4. Management in the breeding process
(1) Feeding: The early seedlings are just put into the pool, and generally it is not necessary to feed baits after one week to two weeks. Because there are enough natural food in the pond. When the natural food in the observation tank is insufficient, artificial feed is started to be fed. In general, the number of feedings is 4 times, and the amount of early feeding is about 10% of the total weight of the shrimp, and it is slowly reduced to about 3% by the middle and later stages. The ratio of feeding in the day and night is 2:3, and the feeding should be regular, fixed, qualitative and quantitative. In the middle and later stages, in order to ensure the liver health of the shrimp, we can use appropriate amounts of vitamins such as VE and VC to mix and feed with the feed.
(2) Warming: We are carrying out anti-season farming, so we need to artificially heat under the condition that the natural temperature is not enough, use the local underground hot water, pipe into the pool, and perform cycle heating to meet our needs. temperature. The temperature is basically controlled between 26 and 30°C. Generally, fluctuations above and below cannot exceed 2°C. Temperature control is achieved by adjusting the valves installed on the hot water pipes. In this process, we must ensure that there is enough underground hot water, so as to ensure the stability of the water temperature.
(3) Water quality management: The regulation of water color in the culture process is very important. The ideal water color is yellow-green or dark brown formed by green algae or diatoms. After ensuring a good water color, the general water quality will be relatively stable, but in the later period of aquaculture, the organic matter in the water will increase, and the water quality may become unstable. It is mainly to ensure that the pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen in the water are normal. Within the scope, water quality is often tested. At the same time, one month after the seedlings are released, the pool water can be slowly added to the highest water level, preferably during the sunny day, to ensure the dissolved oxygen in the water. In the process of adding water, the sewage may be discharged in an appropriate manner. After the discharged sewage enters the outer channel, it undergoes sedimentation and the treatment of aquatic organisms and can be recycled.
Regular sprinkling of biological agents, general biological agents spilled once every 10 days, the amount used according to different varieties of the use of said, generally can increase the dose properly, will not be harmful. At the same time, artificial water plants are suspended to provide sufficient space for the attachment of microorganisms, and water plants are planted to reduce the organic matter content in the water, ensure the quality of the water, and control the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water within the normal range. If ammonia nitrogen is too high, it is easy to fall down with biological agents. The nitrous acid nitrogen is often present in aquaculture, and it is also difficult to control. When this happens, it must be ensured that the dissolved oxygen in the water is sufficient. Sprinkling oxygen-enhanced powder and using nitrifying bacteria can have certain effects.
The pH of the water should be controlled at about 8.0 as much as possible. The change between morning and evening should not be too large. The water in the breeding ponds should become acidic during the later period of cultivation. At this time, the quicklime should be regularly splashed to control the pH within a reasonable range. Generally, one lime can be splashed once a week. The specific splash time may be based on the pH of the water in the pool.
Pay attention to the dissolved oxygen in the water and ensure it is more than 3.5 milliliters per liter, especially in the later period of cultivation.
Can lack of oxygen, otherwise not only the shrimp will be subject to different degrees of damage, water quality is also very easy to deteriorate, the nitrite nitrogen in the water is very easy to rise, bring some poison to the shrimp.
5. The main problem encountered in disease prevention and control is that in the middle and later stages of breeding, there will be ciliate attachment to the shrimp body. At present, there is no good prevention method. Only the occurrence of drug elimination occurs. During the aquaculture process, scientific methods are used to manage and control water quality, and biological microorganisms and other beneficial microorganisms are regularly placed. We have been able to use chemical drugs for aquaculture throughout the entire process.
Second, the management of insulation shed
Since we are anti-season aquaculture, heat-insulating greenhouses are an indispensable conditional facility and must be built firmly to ensure good insulation. In addition, it is also convenient to disassemble the insulation film to ensure the adjustable temperature of the shed.
The basic skeleton of our insulation shed is constructed using steel pipes, and a thermal insulation film is attached to the insulation shed and fixed with a steel wire. When the weather is cold, it must be covered with straw curtains. In addition, the insulation shed should ensure sufficient lighting.
In the windy weather, the door must be closed in advance to prevent strong winds from pouring in. Open the shed and note whether the fixed steel wire is loose or disconnected and reinforce in time. Rain, snow and other days to timely remove the shed on the water pocket to avoid accidents due to overload.
Third, shrimp harvest
After 3 to 4 months of cultivation, the shrimp can generally reach about 100 pigs per kilogram. At this time, the specifications for sale have been reached. Shrimp time can be properly controlled according to the local price, to maximize the benefits.
Since the pool is covered with mesh and there is aeration pipe at the bottom of the pool, it is not suitable for catching by pulling nets. Therefore, we adopt the method of fishing in cages. After one or two rounds of fishing, we must start slowly to ensure the pool The shrimp try to catch the net. The average single crop yields up to 600 kg.
Fourth, experience
During the entire breeding process, the following two points should be noted:
1. Because it is the anti-season farming, the water temperature in the whole process must be controlled manually. This requires that the heating and insulation equipment must be inspected and maintained frequently to ensure sufficient supply of geothermal water. Staff should constantly check the changes in water temperature and make timely adjustments.
2. Because of the high density of culture, the water quality is easily deteriorated and the shrimp is susceptible to disease. To ensure the quality of the water and the health of the shrimp, we must regularly monitor the water quality so that the water body can be reasonably rectified according to the test results. Regularly sprinkling biological agents, hanging mesh, sewage, etc., to provide a good environment for the attachment of beneficial micro-adhesive, thus reducing the organic content of water. During the whole process of breeding, due to our use of biological agents and hanging artificial mesh, we have simulated an excellent ecological environment, and basically achieved zero discharge of sewage through scientific and rational aquaculture management methods.
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