[Facilities and Construction] 1. When houses and egg nests are laid in loose-range hens, the houses mainly serve as chicken rest and egg production sites at night. Generally, the building can be built in a south-facing and three-walled shelter. The height is 1.5~1.8m, and the height is low; the span of the house should not be too deep, about 4m, and sunlight can shine into the house in the spring and autumn. The length of the house can be determined according to the number of chickens accommodated, but it should be separated into 3m to 4m compartments, easy to lay eggs, each room can be used for 100 to 120 chickens. The top frame is preferably formed into a steel pipe structure or a hard wood plate, which facilitates strong support of the overhang to prevent wind blows. The top cover is laid with double-layered plastic cloths, oil felts, straw mats, and the outermost asbestos tile. It is fixed to the purlins with iron hooks to maintain the heat and heat insulation of the building such as the ceiling. The wind does not leak, the wind is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the cost is low. The front edge of the house can be hung with sacks or straw curtains. When the temperature is low, the chickens can freely go in and out, and the house can maintain a certain temperature. The ground of the chicken house is treated with 50cm along the wall to be hardened with triads to prevent rats from punching holes. Other parts of the ground can be compacted with plain soil. The ground can be covered with 3 to 5cm thick sand for use in chicken sand baths. In the broiler's north wall place, perches are made with round sticks or bamboo rafts. The perch is arranged in steps, 4 to 5 steps, and the step height is 25 cm. The width of each step is 20 cm. / The laying time of high laying hens is generally concentrated, so the quantity must meet the needs, otherwise the chicken will lay eggs everywhere. The nest box can use a double nest box for broiler breeders, or it can be tiled along the sides of the gable to form a 35cm square grid with wheat straw or straw. The number of nests (lungs) is preferably 3 to 4 chickens, and nests should be hidden. The fence around the selected site is determined. The area of ​​the fence can be determined according to the number of chickens and the conditions of trees and vegetation in the area. Fence can be used in a variety of ways, such as plastic nets, barbed wire, bamboo, wooden fences, etc., and the mesh size and height of the net can be set so as to prevent chickens from drilling or flying out and from invading wild animals. Wall Roots Plant some vines or vegetable crops that can climb walls, such as grapes, creepers, and loofahs. The playground is a place for chickens to obtain natural food. There should be luxuriant fruit trees, trees, or flowers. Some trees and flowers can also be artificially grown. The grass can be used by chickens for feeding. The trees can be used for shading the chickens in the hot summer season. Prevent heat stress. Before the trees reach the forest, shade the sheltered sheds. 2.Feeding and replenishing facilities High-producing layers of laying hens should keep high egg production levels and feeding materials inseparable. To set up hoppers or troughs in refrigerated sheds or in places where the walls of sheds are protected from rain . The position of the barrel inside the house is in the middle of the house, and a 40 cm diameter barrel can feed 20 chickens at the same time. The bucket is hung with a rope or wire to prevent the chicken from perching on it at night. In the out-of-home and free-range areas, feeding troughs are set according to the range of chickens' movements, and attention must be paid to the shading and sheltering facilities above the troughs. / The amount of feed can be determined according to the season, the vegetation status of the free-range land, the number of Cordyceps, and the foraging situation of the chicken. It is usually supplemented twice daily. In the morning, when the light is turned on and light is fed, do not feed at the time of daily egg production. In the evening, use the whistle to call the chicken and then feed it again. Each feed is 80% of the feed intake of the cage chicken. ~95% supply. The remaining 5% to 20% allow chickens to feed on the insects in the environment. Daily watering of chickens 3 to 4 times. Feeding chickens should prevent wasted feed. Drinking water equipment can use sinks, basins or automatic drinking water equipment. Automatic drinking fountains can be used around the chicken house to place drinking fountains away from the house, ensuring that chickens can drink clean water without effort. Do not put drinking water equipment in the house to prevent water from escaping the environment. Note that it is best to wash the sink every day, clear the chicken droppings and other debris in the sink, and let the chickens drink clean and clean water. 3, the lighting system and fill the light effect is to stimulate the chicken's gonadal development, maintain normal ovulation and enable the chicken to eat, drink, exchange and other activities. The ovulation time of chickens is generally controlled within 2 h after laying eggs, but in order to be able to produce eggs during the day, the chickens do not ovulate at 2 h before dark, so in order to ensure that high-yield laying hens can produce high yield, they should be given intensive cages. Keep the same light program and light intensity. Therefore, according to the size of the building area of ​​the free-range house and the light intensity of the chicken, the lighting system should be configured in the house to set a certain amount of light bulbs. Light bulbs are generally installed in places where laying hens rest in the night. The area of ​​16 m2 m2 in the house uses a 40 watt light bulb to meet the needs. The free-range laying hens are basically the same as cage chickens, and the time for filling light is determined according to the sunshine conditions. Since the season of high-yielding laying hens is controlled from March to November, the brooding and breeding period is completed from October to February, that is, the chickens are about 16 to 17 weeks old when they are stocked. The natural light in March is about 11 hours. At this time, the light starts to fill up. It increases by half an hour to 1 hour per week and reaches 16 to 16.5 hours per day. It is constant. After 5 to 6 months of egg production, the daily light time was adjusted to 17 hours daily. The fill light method is fixed daily at 5 o'clock in the morning to fill up the light. Generally, about 6:30 to 7:30 in the evening, the free-range chickens will be whistled back to the chicken house, and the materials will be fed at the same time. At the same time fill light to the prescribed time. Once the light is fixed, it should not be changed easily. The free-range venues are generally remote and the power supply is unstable. If the amount of livestock is relatively large, a small-scale power generation equipment can be used for emergency purposes. 4. Shade sheltering and ventilation facilities The body temperature of chickens is relatively high. Under free-range conditions, they can actively look for cool shade under the shade, and they can cool down through the sand bath. Therefore, there is no need for cooling equipment in the house. Due to the use of three-sided walls in the shed, the air inside and outside the house is fully exchanged, and there is no need to install fans or fans. In the rainy season, it is very important for scattered chickens to shelter from the rain. In the fenced areas, several shelter shelters should be set up to prevent sudden thunderstorms. Under normal circumstances, the breeder can call the chickens back to the henhouse by whistling according to the weather conditions. For individual chickens that cannot return, they can avoid the rain. 5. The design of the round pasture is divided into fences according to the size of the site, the number of growing grasses, and the number of scattered chickens. Feeding is carried out on a regular rotational grazing basis. After almost all of the herbivores in a free-range land are rushed to another piece of free-range land, As soon as the chicken is free-range, there are edible grasses, insects, or leaves on a daily basis. At the same time, it is also conducive to orchard plowing, chicken manure treatment, fruit tree management and fertilization, medication, to ensure the rejuvenation and growth of forage, but also to prevent the spread of diseases between chickens for disinfection. In order to ensure that the free-range chickens have sufficient pasture, some pastures such as alfalfa, ryegrass, and dragon's claws that can be eaten by chickens can be planted in advance in the free-range areas. The main purpose of free-range farming is to improve the quality of eggs so that chickens can eat cordyceps and other edible substances in the external environment. After a certain period of time, the cordyceps in the free-range ground will be eaten by chickens. Therefore, they should be scattered in advance. The cultivated land is divided into multiple free-range areas based on the number of free-range chickens, the length of free-range farming, and the free-range season, and is surrounded by fence partitions for rotation and stocking. One-two weeks after free-range breeding, it is rushed to another fence for free-range farming. , Let the small areas that have been eaten take a rest and recuperate, and then restore the vegetation and free-range, so that the chicken has edible Cordyceps and other objects throughout the free period. [Summary and discussion] The high-range laying hens need to provide reliable supporting facilities, and they should adopt methods suitable to local conditions. Under the premise of meeting the physiology and production needs of chickens, the cost should be reduced as much as possible. The sloping roof truss structure with three walls is low in cost, and the air circulation is good. Nests are placed along the gables on both sides to lay the nests, the buckets are suspended in the middle, and the rear gable is placed on the perch at night for chicken rest. This is not only convenient for management, but also convenient for repairs. Light and feed. In supplementing light measures, similar measures to cage chickens are adopted to make ovulation and laying eggs in scattered chickens more regular. In order to obtain sufficient nutrition and water for the free-range chickens, it is very important to add a certain number of feeding points and replenishment points in the stocking areas. We must also pay attention to the environmental protection in the stocking areas and take turns in cultivation.
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