Oatmeal is a low-sugar, high-nutrient food with high nutritional value, good spleen and heart, and promotes gastrointestinal motility. It is also a relatively common nutritional tonic. Not only is the protein content higher than other cereal crops, but also an excellent forage that is irreplaceable in arid and semi-arid areas. Its feed value is also higher than other crops, and it has a very high cultivation value. Let us look at it together. Look at the planting time of oats!
Oat planting time
The planting time of oats varies from region to region. North China, Northwest China and Northeast China are spring sowing areas with a growth period of 80-115 days. The southwest is a winter sowing area with a growth period of 230 to 245 days. Oats need more water, and China's main producing areas are also dry farming areas. Therefore, it is extremely important to store water and protect water through early autumn cultivation, hoeing, hoeing and suppression.
Oat planting environment
1. Temperature: Oats are cool but not cold-resistant. The northern part of the temperate zone is most suitable for planting. The seeds can germinate at 2 to 4 °C. The seedlings can withstand the low temperature environment of -2 to -4 °C, which is the most cold-tolerant in wheat crops. One kind. The northern and northwestern parts of China are cold in winter and can only be planted in the spring. They can be broadcast in autumn compared to the south, but must mature before the summer heats up.
2. Moisture: Oats grow in the alpine desert area, but when the seeds germinate, they need about 65% of their own water. The transpiration coefficient is higher than that of barley and wheat, and the water consumption is also high. If the water is insufficient during the growth period, the grain is often not Enriched and reduced production. Therefore, the rhizome of oats is often as long as one meter in order to extract more water.
3. Soil: Oats can be harvested well under the excellent cultivation conditions and soil of various textures, but the moist soil rich in humus is the best, and the adaptability to acidic soil is stronger than other wheat crops, but not Suitable for cultivation in saline-alkaline soil.
Method of planting oats
1. Seed treatment: Choose sunny and windless weather before sowing. Spread the seeds 2 to 3 cm thick and soak for 3 to 5 days. Sun-breeding can promote early seed germination, increase germination rate, early emergence, and ultraviolet rays in the sun kill germs on the epidermis of the seeds, which can alleviate the disease. Seed dressing with 0.2% seed dressing or carbendazim to prevent smut, rust, etc., and areas with serious underground pests can also be mixed with phoxim or carbofuran.
2, sowing time: early spring soil thawed about 10 cm can be planted. The suitable sowing date for oats is from March 25th to April 15th. The best sowing date is before and after the Qingming period, and no later than the rain. According to the precipitation situation, the ploughing of seedlings is particularly important. The catching of seedlings is a major measure for the high yield of dryland oats.
3, seeding method: oats are best to use mechanical sowing or artificial ditching, not suitable for spreading. The line spacing is 15-20 cm, and the depth is 3~5 cm. It is suitable to prevent re-broadcasting and leakage. The next species should be uniform and uniform, sowing evenly. After sowing, the soil and seeds are closely combined to prevent wind and buds. The seeding rate per acre is 10-15 kg, and the grain harvest can be reduced.
Field management of oats
1. Reasonable loose soil: If the oats are exposed to rain or snow before emergence, they should be gently smashed in time to break the knot.
2, timely weeding: weeding 2 to 3 times during the whole growth period, three-leaf stage cultivating loose soil weeding, early removal, shallow removal, increase ground temperature, reduce water evaporation, promote early rooting, fast rooting, preservation seedlings. Weeding 2 times before jointing, weeding in time in the middle and late stages. The planting area is not large, and manual weeding is optional. When the planting area is large, chemical herbicides can be used. In the three-leaf stage, 72% of butyl ester emulsifiable concentrate is 60 ml/mu, or 75% of superstar dry suspending agent is 1-2 g/mu, and sunny, windless and dew-free are selected. Spray evenly.
3, fertilization management: splitting jointing period, combined with irrigation water per acre to apply 25 kg of ammonium sulfate, dry land should be rain-seeding. During the flowering and filling period of oats, 0.2~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be used, and 20% urea solution can be mixed with root dressing. The spray liquid per acre is 70 kg. After 7 days, it can be re-sprayed once to promote grouting, and timely apply foliar fertilizer. Increase grain weight.
4, timely irrigation: where there are irrigation conditions, such as spring drought, irrigation in the oats from the three-leaf period to the tillering period, irrigation 1 time.
5, pest control: Oyster common pests and diseases include smut, rust, red leaf disease, golden worm, cockroach, cockroach, mites, armyworms, bandits and so on. The prevention and control of pests and diseases adhere to the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€. According to the basic principles of integrated pest prevention and control, anti-(resistant) disease-based varieties are mainly used. Comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on cultivation and prevention, physical and chemical control.
1. The soil selection of oats is strong, the soil requirements are not strict, and it can grow in the barren and arid regions. However, in order to increase the yield of oats, it is suitable for planting in soil with deep soil, flat terrain and loose fertile soil.
In addition, oatmeal avoids continuous cropping, otherwise the pests and diseases are more serious, which is not conducive to planting. Before planting, the soil will be turned deep and white, depending on the planting time, whether it is deep ploughing or shallow ploughing. Generally, autumn planting is deep ploughing, spring ploughing, and must be fine after ploughing, so as to play a role in ensuring the survival rate of sowing.
2, selection and processing
Choose excellent varieties with strong adaptability, high disease resistance and high yield. In addition, you can choose the local environment, climate, soil and other conditions when selecting seeds. Choose seeds with full, large seeds to be sown, and remove small particles and worms. Before planting, the seeds are exposed to the sun for 2-3 days, which can kill some germs, increase the germination rate, and promote the seedlings. In order to avoid the growth and yield of pests and diseases, some pesticides can be used to mix seeds to prevent pests and diseases.
3, sowing time
If the yield is too large, if the planting time is too early or too late, it will affect the quality of the seed and is not conducive to germination. The best sowing time is from March to April, around the Ching Ming Festival. At this time, the temperature and rain are beneficial to the germination of the seeds. Pay attention to the seeding density when planting, and the seeding density is large, which will lead to the phenomenon of growing nutrients, which is not conducive to growth and development, resulting in reduced production. When sowing, it can be carried out by manual or mechanical ditching. The sowing should be uniform, and the ground should be smashed in time.
4. Field management
In order to achieve high yield and high yield, the herbicide is not suitable as much as possible during the planting process. Therefore, the field management is important for cultivating and weeding. When the seedling grows to 8-10cm, a cultivating and weeding is carried out to increase soil permeability and fertilizer to promote root growth.
Second, when growing to the first section, this is weeding once and loosening the soil. It is also necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. Fertilizer and water are the key points for high yield. According to the growth of oats, watering and topdressing should be introduced. Watering should be carried out every time. Fertilization should be carried out according to the standard. It should not be too thick to avoid damage to plants. .
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