According to the analysis of experts organized by the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, it is expected that the overall pests and diseases of wheat this year will occur, with an area of ​​900 million mu. Among them, the disease occurred 480 million mu, and the insect pests occurred 420 million mu. From March to May this year, the temperature in most of China's outer regions is high, and wheat needs to focus on diseases such as scab, powdery mildew and stripe rust.
In late March, wheat is in the process of rising and joining. During this period, the maximum temperature in the daytime is about 20 degrees. The bacteria in the soil have already been eager to try to infuse the wheat that is about to break out under the appropriate temperature and humidity.
Wheat scab
At present, many farmers have misunderstandings about the occurrence of wheat scab - it is generally believed that scab only infects the ears of wheat, and there will be half-streaked ears, which occur mostly in the early stage of wheat flowering, and can continue to infect wheat by continuous rainy weather.
In fact, when the temperature is around 20 degrees, wheat scab has begun to infect wheat. Therefore, the prevention of wheat scab is not only in the flowering stage of wheat, but also in the wheat jointing stage and early stage of flowering.
Oxazol, prochloraz and thiophanate-methyl can be used for spray control. When used, two barrels of water added with silicone additives are sprayed on one acre.
Symptom identification and control methods for powdery mildew:
Generally, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is large, and the wheat is densely ventilated and has poor light transmission. If it encounters wet weather with continuous rain and rain, it is easy to develop powdery mildew.
Powdery mildew is common in the first half of April each year, and later, as the temperature rises and continues above 25 degrees, the disease will decrease.
The most cost-effective agent for controlling wheat powdery mildew is triazolone! However, it is difficult to buy a sufficient amount of products on the market. It is recommended that growers use carbendazim, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin, etc. for control.
The best prevention time for wheat powdery mildew is mid-to-late March and mid-April.
Symptoms
It is mainly harmful to leaves, stems and sheaths can also be damaged, and even in the wheat, ears and glume.
When the wheat seedlings are infected, there will be fresh yellow urediospores on the leaves, which appear in a round and multi-layered arrangement.
In the early stage, the leaves of the adult stage are infected. On the early leaves, there will be small strips of summer spores, which are bright yellow ovals. They are arranged along the veins in a row, with a dotted line. At the later stage, the epidermis will rupture and the embroidered colored powder appears. When the wheat is near maturity, there will be dark brown urediospores on the leaf sheath, appearing oval or round, and there will be fresh yellow powder.
Prevention
1. In the case of wheat disease rate of more than 5%, timely spraying and prevention. Commonly used agents are triazolone, diniconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole and the like.
2. In the spring epidemic areas such as Huang-Huai-Hai, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and timely pick-up or whole-field prevention and control of the first-time diseased leaves or disease-taking centers.
3. Cultivation measures. Planting varieties with strong disease resistance should be selected and the sowing date should be arranged reasonably. Rational fertilization and irrigation, soil moisture is high or after rain, pay attention to ditch drainage; balance application of NPK fertilizer, avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer, prevent wheat plants from being late-ripe, increase post-rust rust, supplement trace elements, and improve wheat disease resistance.
4, before sowing can be mixed with triazolone, diniconone and other agents, can prevent wheat total erosion, sheath blight. (Voice of the Country, "Get Rich Youth")
This article URL: 2019 wheat scab disease, powdery mildew and stripe rust and other diseases how to effectively prevent and cure
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