At present, from the geographical location, the water resources, light resources and soil resources of Aksu in Xinjiang meet the requirements for planting red dates. From the analysis of the weather factors, the temperature difference between day and night in the Aksu region of Xinjiang is relatively large, and the rainfall in autumn is small, which contributes to the harvest of red dates and increases the yield of red dates. The following is a summary of a discussion on the cultivation techniques of organic red dates.
1 Planting time and method
1.1 When planting
The winter season in Xinjiang's Aksu region is hot and hot in summer, the temperature difference between day and night is relatively large, and the annual precipitation is relatively small. The light resources are extremely rich, which is conducive to the growth of jujube seedlings. It can be planted in spring and autumn. In spring, when planting seedlings, it is usually planted before the soil is thawed and before germination. In autumn, when planting seedlings, it is usually planted before the leaves are frozen. However, the Xinjiang Aksu region is relatively dry and windy in spring, and it is recommended to plant it in the fall.
1.2 Planting methods
When planting jujube seedlings, there are two main ways:
First, the seedlings are planted in a rectangular way in the gentle slope area, with a plant spacing of 2~3 m and a row spacing of 3~4 m.
The second is to excavate 80 cm of planting points at the planting point, and mix the organic fertilizer and soil thoroughly. In the process of selecting organic fertilizers, it is necessary to select AA grade green food fertilizer. After the seedlings are planted, they need to be watered and then covered with the mulch to ensure that the temperature and humidity meet the seedling growth requirements.
2 Garden Management
2.1 Soil improvement
After the seedlings are planted, it is necessary to deepen the soil of the jujube garden and apply the base fertilizer every autumn. When the soil is backfilled, the organic fertilizer and the soil need to be thoroughly mixed, and then watered to ensure sufficient contact between the soil and the roots. When deep-turning the soil, the root system should not be damaged.
2.2 cultivating and weeding
In the growing season of jujube seedlings, it is necessary to weed the jujube garden, loosen the soil, and reduce the weeds' efforts for water and nutrients.
2.3 Ground coverage
After fertilizing and watering the seedlings, the garden managers need to cover the weeds and crop straws under the canopy, and need to ensure the thickness of the cover, the thickness should not be too thick.
2.4 intercropping
When cultivating young seedlings, they can be operated in a nested manner. Generally, when cropping is selected as a choice, it is necessary to select crops with short life cycle and strong adaptability, such as beans and potatoes.
3 fertilization
3.1 Types of fertilizers allowed
In the process of selecting fertilizers, farmyard manure, commercial fertilizers and other fertilizers can be applied. Farmyard manure refers to treated organic fertilizers that are pollution-free. Commercial fertilizers mainly include organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers. Other fertilizers refer to foods that do not contain any additives, fish residues that do not contain preservatives, and fertilizers that are allowed by the agricultural sector.
3.2 Prohibited fertilizers
Synthetic fertilizers containing chemicals are prohibited in the selection of fertilizers. For example, untreated urban garbage, garbage containing hazardous materials, etc.
3.3 Conversion period fertilizer use guidelines
In the case of seedling fertilization, the use of fertilizer produced by organic production enterprises is maximized. The garden management personnel need to fully mix the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer together, but it is necessary to effectively control the amount of fertilizer and the number of top dressings.
4 Fertilizer application
First of all, when selecting the amount of fertilization, it is necessary to analyze according to the size of the jujube seedlings, the amount of fruit set, and the soil conditions. Therefore, when selecting fertilizers, it is necessary to scientifically and rationally prepare nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers.
Secondly, when selecting the fertilization method, it is necessary to operate in combination with the deep-turning soil-removing operation. When performing the annular trench excavation operation, it is necessary to effectively control the depth and width of the excavation. For jujube gardens with high density of planting, it is necessary to use the whole garden fertilization method for operation.
Finally, before harvesting red dates, garden managers need to apply fertilizer to the seedlings, and increase the amount of topdressing during the germination, flowering and young fruit stages.
5 Pest control analysis
5.1 Agricultural control methods
In the process of organic jujube cultivation in Aksu, Xinjiang, garden managers need to manage water and fertilizer according to requirements, and pruning fruit trees in time to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings, increase the ability of seedlings to fight pests and diseases, and increase the yield of red dates. In addition, the garden management staff needs to prun the pests and branches in time, and timely clean up the dead leaves. Finally, it is necessary to timely scrape the dry cracked skin and kill pests and diseases in an all-round way, so as to effectively control the pests and diseases and ensure the yield of red dates.
5.2 Biological control technology
In the cultivation of organic red dates, garden managers need to strengthen the protection of natural enemies of red dates, and use natural pests or beneficial birds to control pests naturally and reduce the density of pests. In addition, in the actual garden management work, the garden management staff can release some red-eye bees to control the bacteria or pests in the soil to achieve the purpose of controlling pests and diseases.
5.3 Integrated control technology
The comprehensive prevention and control technology starts from the ecological environment of organic red dates, based on the way of agricultural pest control, timely prevention and treatment of harmful substances in gardens, creating a good growth and breeding environment for natural enemies of pests and diseases, ensuring the ecology of gardens. Balance, thus effectively improving the quality and quality of jujubes in the Aksu region of Xinjiang.
With the continuous development of society, people pay more attention to the cultivation technology of organic jujube, which can effectively improve the yield of jujube and the quality of jujube. In the cultivation process of organic red dates in Xinjiang Aksu area, it is necessary to actively understand and master the key points of cultivation techniques of jujube to ensure the full development of organic jujube cultivation techniques and promote the development of local economy.
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