Cultivate strong seedlings
Most of the spring stubble facility vegetables and some open-field vegetables have started to grow seedlings. The farmer ’s saying that “half of the seedlings are harvested and half of the strong crops are harvested†says the importance of cultivating strong seedlings. The nursery place is selected in a solar greenhouse or a small arch shed. If the ground temperature is below 15 ° C, a geothermal heating line and a temperature controller should be installed to increase the ground temperature.
◆ Squash, cucumber, zucchini, pumpkin, winter melon, watermelon, melon and other melon crops planted in double-layer covering of melon vegetable greenhouses and small arch sheds are sown and nursed in early February and settled in late March. A 32-hole or 50-hole tray or an 8 × 8 cm nutrient bowl was used for seedling cultivation, with peat and vermiculite as the substrate. Cucumbers should be selected from early varieties, good quality, and disease resistance of "Zhongnong 12" and "Bei Nong Jia Xiu" and other excellent varieties.
Beans and vegetables Beans and cowpeas are sown and seeded in early spring in a greenhouse in early February. A plastic plug tray of 50 holes or a nutrition bowl of 6 × 6 cm is used for seeding, and 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole. The seedlings are 15 days old and planted in mid-to-late February, and harvesting will begin in late April.
â—† Celery, lettuce and open-field spring celery and lettuce are sown in early February, lettuce is planted in late March, and celery is planted in early April. 128-hole plastic plug trays can also be used for ordinary seedbeds. Use early maturing, good quality "Ventura" and other varieties. Soak the seeds one day in advance. After soaking for 24 hours, rub the seeds to inhibit the germination of the seeds by hand, and then plant them. After watering the plantars, plant the seeds evenly.
â—† Emergence Management
· Spotting of eggplants and melons and vegetable seedlings using common seedbed seedlings in a timely manner. Seedlings should be divided at the 2-leaf and 1-heart stage. Dividing the seedlings into a nutrient bowl is conducive to root growth. After dividing the seedlings, increase the room temperature by 3 ℃ -5 ℃ .
· Adjust the proper temperature for cold protection and heat preservation. It is very important to keep the ground temperature. Especially in extreme cold weather, keep the night temperature not lower than 13 ℃, especially tomato and cabbage seedlings. It is especially important for tomato seedlings to enter the flower bud differentiation stage after 2 leaves and 1 heart. It is easy to produce under 13 ℃ low temperature environment Malformed fruits; cabbage is prone to early bolting when exposed to low temperature at the 6-leaf stage. Temporary heating measures such as installing Yuba bulbs, electric heaters, and heating and burning blocks should be adopted to ensure that the seedlings are not frozen. It is also necessary to place warm-loving crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers and cold-resistant crops such as lettuce and celery in different temperature areas, and change the position of the seedling tray every other week to make the seedlings grow evenly.
· Increase the light After emergence, try to ensure that the seedlings have a strong light and make it more visible. Install a supplementary light to artificially supplement the light, which is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings. Turn on the grass for 4-5 hours on a sunny day, on a cloudy day. Turn on for 12 hours.
· Timely watering, fertilizing, and pest control Watering and fertilizing in time after the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart; focus on prevention of sudden fall out, especially in cloudy and low temperature and high humidity environments.
Fertilization and preparation of land in solar greenhouse
Early spring crops will soon be planted. It is necessary to fertilize the land 15 days in advance. First, clean the countryside and reduce the source of diseases and insect pests. Remove the rotten leaves and mulch from the stubble in time and transport them to the designated place for ozone disinfection or high-temperature composting. Harmless treatment. Apply 5000 kilograms of rotten, finely divided high-quality organic fertilizer or 3000 kilograms of bio-organic fertilizer per acre with a ploughing depth of 25-30 cm. Level the ground and make it fine, reach the standards of ground level, leveling, and no shading, and lay a drip irrigation pipe, cover the silver-gray mulch, and wait for the appropriate time to plant.
Colonization of hi-temperature crops
Cultivation of temperature-sensitive crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and zucchini in the early spring in the greenhouse began to be planted in early and mid-February. Generally, the 10-cm ground temperature can be planted at a temperature above 15 ° C. To improve the quality of site preparation, apply organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer in advance. Select the "cold tail warm head" timing to colonize.
Sowing and transplanting of cold-tolerant and fast-growing vegetables in greenhouses
The fast-growing vegetables such as rapeseed, artemisia annua, spinach, lettuce, pakchoi, cherry radish, etc., which are grown in the sunlight greenhouse, are the seasons suitable for sowing and planting. According to the sales situation, the crops can be harvested in batches. Apply 3,000 kg of fully decomposed and finely divided high-quality organic fertilizer or 2,000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per acre to prepare the ground finely, level, flat, and straight. The surface soil is loose and there is no light or dark soil. Artemisia annua, spinach, cherry radish, pakchoi should be planted by direct sowing method. After watering the soles of the foot, the seeds should be evenly sown, covered with a thin layer of soil and covered with a film to maintain heat and moisture, and removed in time when 50% of the seeds emerge. Rape, lettuce and celery are transplanted.
Critical period of greenhouse winter vegetable management
Do a good job of heat preservation and cold protection. Pay attention to the weather changes at any time to prevent the severe cold currents and the cloudy weather from causing damage to the crops. If necessary, temporary heating measures such as Yuba, heating combustion blocks or electric blast stoves should be taken. Scrub the shed film frequently to increase light transmittance.
Plant and fruit management timely pruning, pruning and falling, removing lower old leaves and yellow leaves; assisting pollination, thinning out excess flower buds, fruits and deformed fruits.
For scientific watering and topdressing, it is advisable to apply instant fertilizers such as "Christmas tree" with comprehensive nutrition and reasonable ratio along with drip irrigation, or apply alginic acid or humic acid organic liquid fertilizer with full content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; A water storage tank, a water storage tank or a bucket is set therein, and the water temperature is increased by about 18 ° C. before watering, and small water should be poured frequently. Vegetables in the greenhouse should be protected from flooding.
Harvest in time for the best commodity period. Before and after the Spring Festival, it is a season with high market demand and high prices. The dishes that have been formed in the Beijing market for many years must not only be tender, but also look good and neat. Therefore, we need to improve the quality of repairs and products. value.
The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the Spring Festival also belongs to low-temperature and low-light weather. The low-temperature and high-humidity growth environment in the shed is susceptible to diseases such as gray mold, sclerotia, downy mildew, late blight, and root-knot nematodes. The appropriate growth environment conditions should be adjusted first, and the temperature should be increased. Filling the light is particularly important. It is also necessary to let out wind and moisture at short noon on cloudy days, and sprinkle a layer of dry sawdust or dry straw between the rows to absorb excessive air humidity in the shed; remove the diseased leaves and fruits in time and place the designated Harmless treatment at the place to reduce the source of transmission; Use low-toxicity, low-residue agents in the early stages of the disease to prevent and control in time; spray dust agents and smoke fumigation methods should be used to prevent diseases and insect pests, and conventional spray methods should be used as far as possible to reduce Humidity in the shed. It is necessary to strictly abide by the provisions of the safe harvesting interval after application to ensure the safety of the product.
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