Recently, many grape farmers have reported a serious issue: the premature falling of grape berries. This phenomenon has raised concerns among growers, as it can significantly impact yield and quality. The causes behind this problem are outlined below:
1. Sunburn Damage. During the critical period from the hardening of the seeds to the coloring stage, some grapes may suffer from sunburn due to intense sunlight. This leads to blackened, shriveled, and eventually fallen fruit. A major contributing factor is excessive nitrogen fertilizer applied early in the growing season, which results in overly large and sparse foliage. This lack of shade increases the risk of sunburn. To mitigate this, proper summer pruning is essential. Farmers should retain shaded auxiliary shoots near the clusters while trimming excess new growth to reduce exposure to direct sunlight.
2. Disease-Induced Fruit Drop. Grapes thrive in dry conditions, but during the rainy season, high temperatures and humidity create an ideal environment for various diseases. Common issues include downy mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew, and black rot, all of which can lead to significant fruit loss. To prevent these problems, it's important to choose disease-resistant grape varieties. Additionally, applying a 1:0.5:200 Bordeaux mixture before and after bud break, and repeating it every two weeks at a 200-fold dilution, can help control fungal infections effectively.
3. Insect Infestation. As temperatures rise before and during the ripening phase, red spider mites multiply rapidly, causing fruit to drop. One effective natural remedy is spraying garlic extract, which acts as a deterrent against these pests. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent infestations from becoming severe.
By understanding these factors and implementing appropriate management practices, grape growers can reduce fruit drop and improve overall crop performance. It’s important to maintain a balance between nutrition, pruning, disease prevention, and pest control to ensure healthy and productive vineyards.
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