Recently, many grape farmers have reported a significant issue of grape berries falling off before they are ready for harvest. This problem not only affects the yield but also reduces the quality of the fruit. The main causes of this phenomenon are as follows:
1. Sunburn Damage: During the critical period from the hardening of the seeds to the coloring stage, some grapes can suffer from sunburn due to intense sunlight. This leads to the berries turning black, shrinking, and eventually falling off. A major contributing factor is excessive nitrogen fertilizer applied early in the growing season, which causes the leaves to grow too large and sparse, offering insufficient shade. To prevent this, proper summer pruning is essential. Farmers should keep shaded shoots on the clusters while trimming excess new growth to reduce exposure to direct sunlight.
2. Disease-Induced Fruit Drop: Grapes thrive in dry conditions, but during the rainy season, high temperatures and humidity create ideal conditions for various diseases. Common issues include downy mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew, and black rot, all of which can cause large numbers of grapes to fall prematurely. To manage these diseases, it's important to choose disease-resistant grape varieties. Additionally, applying a 1:0.5:200 Bordeaux mixture before and after bud break, and repeating the application every two weeks at a 200-fold dilution, can help prevent infections effectively.
3. Insect Pests: High temperatures before and after the ripening period can lead to an increase in red spider populations. These pests feed on the grapes, causing them to drop. One effective natural remedy is spraying garlic extract, which acts as a deterrent and helps control infestations without the use of harsh chemicals.
In addition to these measures, maintaining good vineyard hygiene, monitoring weather conditions, and ensuring proper irrigation practices can further reduce the risk of fruit drop. By implementing these strategies, farmers can improve their grape yields and ensure healthier, higher-quality harvests.
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