1. The main measures for conventional storage are: Control of moisture. As mentioned earlier, the safe moisture of rice is the key to safe storage. Generally, the early and middle seasons of rice harvest are the high-temperature seasons. After the harvest, it is easy to dry and the storage water is low, and it can reach or fall below the safe moisture. However, when late rice is harvested, it is a low-temperature season, and it is not easy to be dried in time. The original raw water in the storage is large and should be dried in time. The drying equipment should be processed before the spring season. If there is no drying equipment, the winter and spring seasons should be used. Take advantage of the opportunity to expose the sun to moisture within the standard of summer. The safe moisture content of various rice varieties at different temperatures is shown in the following table: Paddy temperature Indica rice moisture (%) Indica rice moisture (%) Early, middle, late, early, mid-late, late evening, 5°C, 17 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 15.6 or so 10 °C About 16 About 16.5 About 15 About 15.5 About 20 °C About 15 About 16 About 14 Around 14.5 About 30 °C About 14 Below 15 Below 13 Below 13.5 About 35 around 13.5 and below 14.0 Below 12.5 and below 13.0 Cleaning. The organic impurities contained in rice have high moisture content, strong hygroscopicity, more bacteria, and large respiratory intensity. Especially when entering the warehouse, they are easily formed due to the automatic grading phenomenon. Impurities such as ash cause the porosity of the grain pile to decrease. Accumulation in the heap is not easy to disperse, these are storage unsafe factors. Therefore, wind-up or sieving before warehousing, reducing impurities to about 0.5% can greatly improve the storage stability. Ventilation cools after the fall. Cooling and cooling in a timely manner after autumn cool, narrowing the stratification temperature difference is an effective method to prevent condensation on the upper layer of the rice heap and heat in the middle and lower layers. In particular, the high temperature of grain for early rice storage, in order to solve this problem in a timely manner, should be promptly ventilated after storage, reduce the grain temperature, and require the grain temperature to approach the temperature level. After the cool autumn, they grasped the favorable climatic conditions, rapidly reduced the grain temperature to below 15°C, and continued until the winter. The grain temperature continued to decline, and then it was kept cold and kept at a low temperature. Practice has proved that, whether it is scattered in the warehouse or scattered in the open air, the phenomenon of condensation or heat can be basically overcome after a single ventilation cooling. Low temperature closed. Using low temperature in winter, reduce the grain temperature to 0°C-10°C as much as possible, store in closed storage after freezing and cooling, effectively maintain the low temperature, delay the occurrence time of the highest grain temperature and reduce the summer grain temperature, such as the early autumn grain storage, grain The temperature is relatively high, and the cold storage in the winter will change the raw grain temperature of the rice, and it will be stored in the next year and stored until July of the next year. Although the temperature has exceeded 30°C, the grain temperature is still about 20°C; the late rice water is safe. After the standard warehouse storage, the warehouse turns the grain surface, and the open ponds and coffins communicate with each other. The cooling storage effect can be received. According to the experience of some localities, the warehouse is used in winter (ie, the warehouse is overturned), and the food can be cooled and cooled to reduce the grain temperature. The water can be evenly distributed, which creates good conditions for the safety of stored grain. The method of confinement varies from warehouse to warehouse. If the warehouse has good insulation properties, it can be sealed in the entire warehouse. Usually, the underground warehouse has the best sealing performance. Poor thermal insulation of the warehouse can be used to encircle the surrounding area. Using the poor thermal conductivity of rice, the higher the grain pile, the better the low temperature can be maintained. If the condition of the warehouse is poor, grain surface pressure can be used to cover the surface of the grain. The compaction of the surface of the grain should be tight, dense and solid to facilitate heat insulation, moisture isolation, and condensation prevention at the gap. All glands should be inspected frequently. If there is anti-tide phenomenon, it should be replaced in time to avoid increasing surface moisture. 2. Low-temperature storage The low-temperature storage of rice can reduce pests, and less or no chemicals are used to delay the decline in quality. Generally, paddy moisture is below 16%, and storage temperature is good under the condition of 15°C-0°C. In late Japonica rice in Northeast China, when the water content is higher than 20%, the quality of the rice will be deteriorated due to frostbite. The method of obtaining low temperature should be based on local conditions using natural low temperature or mechanical refrigeration. 3, air-conditioned storage naturally sealed hypoxia storage. The naturally sealed and oxygen-deficient storage of rice can provide better results as long as it is well confined. The main factor that determines the speed of hypoxia is the temperature, moisture and quality of the stored grain. Generally, it is high in moisture, high in grain temperature, wormy, and fast in oxygen deficiency. According to practical experience, the grain temperature is between 20°C-25°C, the indica rice moisture is about 16%, and the indica rice moisture is about 13.5%. If the grain temperature is below 20°C, the moisture content can be relaxed by 1%. If the temperature is lower than 15 °C, the deoxidation rate is slow, and it needs to be supplemented with other deoxidation measures. For rice stored in the following year, in order to solve the problem of slow oxygen reduction, a method of sealing in advance and prolonging the sealing time can be adopted. After the spring season in the following year, the grain temperature can reach 15° C. and can be sealed, and it can gradually decrease after more than one month. Oxygen concentration, which is a time when a large number of pests occur, can receive insecticidal effects. However, when the early rice is harvested and dried in time, the water content is very low, and the early indica rice lacks the ripening period. If the seal is not good, the natural anoxic effect is poor. Artificial atmosphere storage. The use of artificial modified atmosphere storage can effectively delay the aging of rice, and solve the difficulties of short rice ripening period, low respiratory intensity and difficulty in natural oxygen deficiency. At present, the most widely used at home and abroad are carbon dioxide charging and nitrogen storage. Experiments have shown that rice with moisture below 13% has been stored in high carbon dioxide for more than four years and its viability has only slightly decreased. This shows that carbon dioxide has little effect on the viability of low-water rice. 4. "Double-low" storage is currently undergoing a large number of oxygen-deficient storage, and various methods can only cause the grain heap to cause a state of hypoxia, which is insufficient to suppress the growth of worms and molds. However, the use of worms in the conditions of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide, valve opening, breathing, coma, the use of low doses of the insects can be killed, and inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The specific method is to set several application ports on the grain surface film, use a plastic tube with a diameter of 4 cm and a length of 1 meter or dry bamboo as a probe tube, drill the holes in the lower part of the probe tube, and arrange the active cork on the mouth. Under low-oxygen conditions, use 1-1.5 kilograms of aluminum phosphide per 500,000 kilograms of rice, place the tablet in the probe, stopper the cork, and quickly seal the port with a thin film adhesive to obtain a more homogeneous chemical. Preserve better results.
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