First, the dry period (dried milk to 15 days before delivery)
Objective: To stop the lactation of the cows as early as possible, and return the breasts to normal. For this reason, try not to feed the green and blue succulent feeds and auxiliary materials under the precondition of meeting the nutritional needs of the cows. The diet should be based on roughage, and the appropriate fiber intake should be maintained. On the basis of a certain amount of fine material, the amount of fine material is adjusted according to the quality and condition of the coarse material, generally 3 to 4 kg. The ratio of refined to roughage is 25:75, and the weight of the dietary material should be 2.0% to 2.5%. For cows with thin body condition, the nutritional level of the diet can be properly increased, especially the energy feed, and the increase of high quality coarse material. Body-weighted cows can limit the amount of concentrate and increase the input of medium-quality coarse material, but pay attention to the balance of minerals.
Second, the perinatal period (l5 days before delivery till l5 days after delivery)
Dietary dry matter should account for 2.5% to 3.0% of body weight, and the ratio of refined to roughage should be 40:60. L5-34 days before delivery, due to low feed intake, the required nutrients increase due to the rapid growth of the fetus. Therefore, the feed concentration should be increased to increase the supply of protein and energy. Feeding amount. Daily increase of 0.5 kg, make the rumen adapt to postpartum high-concentrate feeding: the main raw material is high-quality, intramuscular injection of VD31.5 boxes/head (15 ml) before the week, and strengthen the exercise to increase the light, prevent postpartum No less than phlegm and other diseases occur: Prenatal use of low-calcium diets is strictly prohibited dietary changes, control salt feed, after delivery, should be fed bran soup (branch l kg, brown sugar 2 kg, minerals l00 g, Warm water l0 ~ 15 kg), in order to ease calving fatigue and loss of water delivery, but also prevent fetal clothing and hemorrhoids. For healthy and normal litter cattle, they should allow them to freely eat green hay and try to avoid feeding too much silage corn, starting from the 4th day after delivery, with the fine material increasing by 0.5 kg per day, so that the cows will be within 11 days afterwards. , The daily feed intake amounted to 10 kilograms, which not only slowed the weight loss of the delivery cows within 15 days after delivery, but also promoted the increase of milk production: it was forbidden to feed the auxiliary materials, root and green materials, and the crude quality was Materials and concentrates dominate. According to the gradual increase in appetite concentrate, increase O.25 kilograms per day: to master the ratio of 55:45 refined ratio, over 60:40; at the same time pay attention to trace elements and vitamin supplements.
Third, early lactation (16 to 100 days after delivery)
Lactating milk increases milk production in the early stages, so that “the milk is taken away†can be used until milk production no longer rises or appetite is full. The crude to coarse ratio gradually transitions from about 55:45 to about 60:40, but it must not exceed 60:40, and the dietary dry matter accounts for more than 3.5% of the body weight. During this period, the yield was the highest, but the peak of cattle's food intake came later. Therefore, there was a period of negative nutritional balance and physical decline. Goal: To have both output and physical fitness. To do this, all feeds must be selected for quality. Especially coarse and fine materials. According to appetite enrichment gradually increased. However, the increase of fine material per day does not exceed 0,5 kg to prevent rumen acidosis. In this period, it is necessary to supplement vitamins and trace elements and add buffers such as baking soda. To ease the high metabolic rate brought about by some of the metabolic diseases. The concentration of diet should be stable, emphasizing on the quality and quantity of protein, and appropriate supply of by-products, roots and green materials. The total amount of the three feeds should not exceed 40 kg/head/day. Put coarse material and mineral salt properly on the sports field. At the same time provide adequate and clean drinking water inside and outside the home.
IV. Mid lactation (101 to 200 days after delivery)
During this period, on the one hand, the milk production of most dairy cows began to gradually decline. On the other hand, the appetite of dairy cows is strong. Feed intake peaks. Therefore, this stage should be based on milk production, weight, weekly or every other week to adjust the amount of fine feed, and gradually reach the ratio of 40:60 sperm, rough ratio. Dietary dry matter accounts for 3% to 3.2% of body weight. The management focuses on ensuring adequate drinking water, strengthening exercise, and proper milking methods and breast massage.
V. Late lactation (201 to 305 days after childbirth)
During the middle and late lactation, most cows have been pregnant because of the effects of placental hormones and luteinizing hormones. Milk production began to decline significantly. This period should be adjusted once a week according to body weight and lactation. The diet should be based on roughage as much as possible, with a ratio of 30:70 for refined and roughage. Dietary dry matter accounts for 3.0% to 3.2% of body weight. Goal: To reduce the milk production rate by a little bit, and to recover the body lice, the amount of feed should follow the milk production. That is, the level of nutrition will always exceed the required number. Make cows recover their body mate while milking: pay attention to feed quality. To prevent abortion. In the first half of dry milk, subclinical mastitis testing and treatment, while doing a good job related to fetal control.
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