With the improvement of people's living standards, non-polluting, high-quality, highly nutritious green vegetables are becoming more and more popular among consumers. The production of green, pollution-free vegetables has become the development direction of vegetable production. The production of green vegetables should not only pay attention to the use of water and pesticides, but also have strict requirements on the types, amounts, and methods of fertilizers.
First, the principle of fertilization
In vegetable production, there are two ways that fertilizers cause pollution to vegetables. First, harmful toxic substances contained in fertilizers such as pathogens, parasite eggs, toxic gases, heavy metals, etc.; second, the large amount of nitrogen fertilizers causes nitrates in vegetables. Accumulation in the body. Therefore, the application of fertilizer in the production of green vegetables should adhere to the following principles: The main organic fertilizer, supplemented by other fertilizers; mainly base fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing; mainly multi-element compound fertilizer, supplemented by single element fertilizer.
Second, fertilization
1. Organic Fertilizer: Organic fertilizer is the fertilizer of choice for producing green vegetables. It has the advantages of long fertilizer effect, stable fertilizer supply, low fertilizer damage and other irreplaceable advantages such as compost, manure, biogas fertilizer, cake fertilizer, green manure, mud fertilizer, and crops. Straw and so on.
2. Fertilizers: The production of green vegetables is restricted in principle by the application of chemical fertilizers. If it is really needed in the production process, it should be applied scientifically. The fertilizers that can be used for green vegetable production include urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, mineral potassium, and superphosphate.
3. Biological Bacterial Fertilizer: Biological Bacterial Fertilizer not only has the long-term effect of organic fertilizer, but also has the immediate effect of chemical fertilizer, and can reduce the nitrate content in vegetables, improve the quality of vegetables, and improve soil properties. Therefore, green vegetable production should be actively promoted. The use of biological fertilizers, such as rhizobia fertilizer, phosphorus bacterial fertilizer, active potassium fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, silicate bacterial fertilizer, composite microorganisms, and humic acid fertilizers.
4, inorganic mineral fertilizers: such as mineral potassium fertilizer, mineral phosphate fertilizer.
5, trace element fertilizer: copper, iron, zinc, manganese, boron and other trace elements as the main fertilizer.
Third, fertilization measures
1. Re-applying organic fertilizer and less fertilizer: Adequate organic fertilizer can continuously supply the nutrient requirement for the whole growing period of vegetables, which is conducive to the improvement of the quality of vegetables. Crop straw and livestock and poultry manure should be added to the starter through high-temperature accumulation and fermentation, so that it can be fully cooked before applying it to the vegetable field. During the fermentation, fresh manure is put into a plastic bag to be stacked or loaded into a cylinder, hot water seal is added, and the mixture is naturally fermented at an environmental humidity of 15° C. or more, during the fermentation process and at 45° C. The addition of fast rot to the crop straw can be returned directly to the field, but after crushed, the rot fermentation effect is better. The method of heap rot is to add 1-2 kg of fast rot per 100 kg of comminuted straw. After stacking, the surface is mud-sealed and generally becomes fat within 20 days.
2. Reapplying basal fertilizer and applying less top dressing: Practice has proved that under the same basal fertilizer conditions, the greater the amount of topdressing fertilizer, the use of base fertilizer for green vegetable production, control of topdressing, generally 15 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, and 2/3 of basal fertilizer, 1/3 for top dressing and deep application.
3. Pay attention to the scientific application of chemical fertilizers: First, prohibit the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers. The second is to control the amount of chemical fertilizers. Generally, the amount of nitrogen applied per mu should be controlled within 15 kg of pure nitrogen. The third is to deepen and apply early. The general ammonia nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil layer below 6 cm, and urea is applied to the soil layer below 10 cm. Early application is beneficial to the early and long-term growth of crops, prolonging fertilizer efficiency and reducing nitrate accumulation. Practice has proved that after certain applications of urea, it can also quickly improve fertilizer efficiency and reduce pollution in the short term. Treatment method is: take 1 part of urea, 8-10 parts of dry and wet soil, mix evenly and pile up in a dry indoor, cover the plastic film on the cover, boring for 7-10 days to do hole dressing. The fourth is to cooperate with organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers.
4, fertilization due to land, due to seedlings, vary from season to season: different geology, different seedling conditions, different types of fertilization in different seasons, fertilization methods to be different, low fertilizer vegetable plots, can apply nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer to fertilize Fertility. Vegetable nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage helps the vegetables grow faster and longer. High temperatures in summer and autumn, and high activity of nitrate reductase are not conducive to the accumulation of nitrate. Nitrogen fertilizer may be applied in an appropriate amount.
5, new fertilization method:
(1) Spray brown sugar (white sugar) liquid. If 0.2%-0.3% of the brown sugar liquid is sprayed on the leafy vegetables, the leaves can be enlarged, the chlorophyll content can be increased, the disease resistance of the plants can be enhanced, and the yield can be increased by about 10%. Note that the concentration of sugar can not be too high, spray once every 5-7 days, usually spray 3-5 times;
(2) Foliar sprayed vinegar. In the application of Solanum vegetables after 1-2 days of colonization, spray once every 5-7 days 400 times rice vinegar solution, and even spray 3-5 times, can increase the yield of vegetables 10% -20%. When vinegar is sprayed, it is usually done in the afternoon and needs 40-50 kg of vinegar per acre. (Bai Fu)
First, the principle of fertilization
In vegetable production, there are two ways that fertilizers cause pollution to vegetables. First, harmful toxic substances contained in fertilizers such as pathogens, parasite eggs, toxic gases, heavy metals, etc.; second, the large amount of nitrogen fertilizers causes nitrates in vegetables. Accumulation in the body. Therefore, the application of fertilizer in the production of green vegetables should adhere to the following principles: The main organic fertilizer, supplemented by other fertilizers; mainly base fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing; mainly multi-element compound fertilizer, supplemented by single element fertilizer.
Second, fertilization
1. Organic Fertilizer: Organic fertilizer is the fertilizer of choice for producing green vegetables. It has the advantages of long fertilizer effect, stable fertilizer supply, low fertilizer damage and other irreplaceable advantages such as compost, manure, biogas fertilizer, cake fertilizer, green manure, mud fertilizer, and crops. Straw and so on.
2. Fertilizers: The production of green vegetables is restricted in principle by the application of chemical fertilizers. If it is really needed in the production process, it should be applied scientifically. The fertilizers that can be used for green vegetable production include urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, mineral potassium, and superphosphate.
3. Biological Bacterial Fertilizer: Biological Bacterial Fertilizer not only has the long-term effect of organic fertilizer, but also has the immediate effect of chemical fertilizer, and can reduce the nitrate content in vegetables, improve the quality of vegetables, and improve soil properties. Therefore, green vegetable production should be actively promoted. The use of biological fertilizers, such as rhizobia fertilizer, phosphorus bacterial fertilizer, active potassium fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, silicate bacterial fertilizer, composite microorganisms, and humic acid fertilizers.
4, inorganic mineral fertilizers: such as mineral potassium fertilizer, mineral phosphate fertilizer.
5, trace element fertilizer: copper, iron, zinc, manganese, boron and other trace elements as the main fertilizer.
Third, fertilization measures
1. Re-applying organic fertilizer and less fertilizer: Adequate organic fertilizer can continuously supply the nutrient requirement for the whole growing period of vegetables, which is conducive to the improvement of the quality of vegetables. Crop straw and livestock and poultry manure should be added to the starter through high-temperature accumulation and fermentation, so that it can be fully cooked before applying it to the vegetable field. During the fermentation, fresh manure is put into a plastic bag to be stacked or loaded into a cylinder, hot water seal is added, and the mixture is naturally fermented at an environmental humidity of 15° C. or more, during the fermentation process and at 45° C. The addition of fast rot to the crop straw can be returned directly to the field, but after crushed, the rot fermentation effect is better. The method of heap rot is to add 1-2 kg of fast rot per 100 kg of comminuted straw. After stacking, the surface is mud-sealed and generally becomes fat within 20 days.
2. Reapplying basal fertilizer and applying less top dressing: Practice has proved that under the same basal fertilizer conditions, the greater the amount of topdressing fertilizer, the use of base fertilizer for green vegetable production, control of topdressing, generally 15 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, and 2/3 of basal fertilizer, 1/3 for top dressing and deep application.
3. Pay attention to the scientific application of chemical fertilizers: First, prohibit the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers. The second is to control the amount of chemical fertilizers. Generally, the amount of nitrogen applied per mu should be controlled within 15 kg of pure nitrogen. The third is to deepen and apply early. The general ammonia nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil layer below 6 cm, and urea is applied to the soil layer below 10 cm. Early application is beneficial to the early and long-term growth of crops, prolonging fertilizer efficiency and reducing nitrate accumulation. Practice has proved that after certain applications of urea, it can also quickly improve fertilizer efficiency and reduce pollution in the short term. Treatment method is: take 1 part of urea, 8-10 parts of dry and wet soil, mix evenly and pile up in a dry indoor, cover the plastic film on the cover, boring for 7-10 days to do hole dressing. The fourth is to cooperate with organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers.
4, fertilization due to land, due to seedlings, vary from season to season: different geology, different seedling conditions, different types of fertilization in different seasons, fertilization methods to be different, low fertilizer vegetable plots, can apply nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer to fertilize Fertility. Vegetable nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage helps the vegetables grow faster and longer. High temperatures in summer and autumn, and high activity of nitrate reductase are not conducive to the accumulation of nitrate. Nitrogen fertilizer may be applied in an appropriate amount.
5, new fertilization method:
(1) Spray brown sugar (white sugar) liquid. If 0.2%-0.3% of the brown sugar liquid is sprayed on the leafy vegetables, the leaves can be enlarged, the chlorophyll content can be increased, the disease resistance of the plants can be enhanced, and the yield can be increased by about 10%. Note that the concentration of sugar can not be too high, spray once every 5-7 days, usually spray 3-5 times;
(2) Foliar sprayed vinegar. In the application of Solanum vegetables after 1-2 days of colonization, spray once every 5-7 days 400 times rice vinegar solution, and even spray 3-5 times, can increase the yield of vegetables 10% -20%. When vinegar is sprayed, it is usually done in the afternoon and needs 40-50 kg of vinegar per acre. (Bai Fu)
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