At present, the status of China's pig-breeding industry is dominated by medium and small-scale pig farms. According to statistics, by the end of 2007, the number of live pigs in small-scale breeding farms still accounted for 50% of the total number of pigs in the country, although most of the industry believes that Small and medium-scale pig farms (mainly producing Duchang or Duchang pigs) do not need to raise pure pigs to breed offspring, but the reality is that most small and medium-sized pig farms keep purebred pigs and breed their own pigs on their own. Leave it for planting. Farm management personnel believe that on the one hand, the introduction of cost savings. On the other hand, you can immunize yourself and learn about your situation. According to this situation, combining the small number of pigs in small and medium-sized pig farms and the fact that there is no on-site measurement (site measurement in large-scale pig farms, according to the results of the selection of superior seeding), talk about the selection of breeding pigs in medium and small-scale pig farms. Leave questions.
The number and management of purebred pigs
There must be purebred white or long-term sows in the breeding pigs in the field, but not all breeding sows are required to raise purebred sows.
In a farm with less than 200 sows, it is not necessary to raise purebred pigs. Because the scale is too small, it is impossible to introduce too many purebred sows. Calculating the number of breeding pigs per head per year for purebred sows, the final survival is 17 heads and 18 heads, and there are 50% of normal females per litter. For pigs, up to 8 sows - 9 sows with abnormal size, nipples, vulva, etc., are provided with 6 sows and 7 sows per year for each purebred sow. Low, there is no obvious profit; there is no matching purebred boar, when purchasing large boar semen is inconvenient, the outside boar to breed, easy to bring disease, is not safe; does not introduce external blood, its mother Pork reproductive performance is easily degraded, directly affecting production performance. When you need to update your breeding pigs, you can import them directly from the regular breeding farms.
The number of pigs from 200 heads to 500 head sows is updated at a rate of 25% to 30% based on the year of breeding pigs, and the number of sow sows per year is 6 to 7 sows per year. Sows and crossbreeding boars; if there are no boars, be sure to purchase semen from large-scale pig farms or semen mating at socialized boar stations, and ban the use of natural boars in society to reduce the risk of disease transmission. .
In addition to purebred sows and hybrid boars producing more than two kinds of pigs for more than 500 pig farms, depending on the scale, some purebred pigs can also be used for their own use, and pyramids can be used to breed and select breeding pigs, but care should be taken to avoid them. Inbreeding.
The source of purebred pigs
Purebred sows should be sourced from regular farms with production and business licenses at or above the provincial level (on-line or provincial animal husbandry and veterinary authorities can understand), and don’t be fooled to buy them from other farms because the quality of the pigs directly affects The quality of the sows until the commercial pigs and the economic benefits of the farm.
The source of boar or semen should be clear. When producing purebred pigs, boars and sows are best purchased from different production sites in order to avoid the appearance of close relatives; the purchase of boar semen should be based on the boar's size and production performance. (Social boar stations can check the status of boars online). Try to buy the semen of the best boar.
Reservation of reserved pigs
The pigs selected in the middle and small-scale pig farms are generally self-employed and rarely measured on site. Therefore, external performance or eye look is the most direct method of retention. When choosing to stay, not all gilts have to stay. To make a choice, two-stage selection is the main choice.
For later mating or registration, gilts born after birth must be identified with ear numbers or ears in 24 hours.
When the pigs are kept at the slaughter, 20 kg of body weight is reserved for slaughter, the head and neck are light, the back is long and firm, the leg and hip muscles are plump and well-developed, and the limbs and hooves are robust, and the fur is white. Pigs born out of the three-way hybrid have mostly red or black hairs, and the vulva develops well. 6 pairs or more of nipples with uniform arrangement, and gilts with strong reproductive performance are kept in small groups and small herds (different from commodity pigs). (feeding management), to strengthen management in feed nutrition, sports, nursing, etc., and often feed part of the green and juicy feed.
The second time the 50th to 60kg body weight was selected, the sows with abnormal or morbid state, slow growth rate, and vulva and nipple problems were excluded. In order to maintain the sows with powerful limbs, exercise must be strengthened. The selected breeding pigs were injected with JE and parvovirus vaccine at 50 kg - 60 kg body weight.
Before entering the production group, it is best to conduct a blood draw and apply for testing according to the conditions that they need to know, such as swine fever, pseudorabies, and foot-and-mouth disease, etc., and then select the results according to the results. In this way, it can be gradually purified. Her own herds make the health of pigs better and better.
Pig management
Feed and manage the rearing of breeding pigs. Before 100 kilograms of body weight, free-feeding can be used, but for individual fat or lean pigs, the pig's lyrx must be fed or fed appropriately; when it reaches 100 kilograms, it is restricted to feed and strictly control the sensation so as not to cause Overweight and affect normal estrus, breeding, according to the body condition, the general amount of feed per head is 2 kg per day, to achieve a medium lye before the breeding. If conditions permit, it is best to feed about 0.5 kg of green and succulent green fodder each day. This can be replenished with appropriate vitamins on the one hand and increased appetite on the other hand due to increased moisture.
Disease prevention and management of vaccines for back-breeding pigs. Based on the improvement of insect repellent and preventive health care, vaccine injection is the key to achieving good results in future production and must not be ignored. The vaccine for reserve pigs is not the same for each breeder's breeding farm, but the best method is to operate according to their own rules, and the continuity is stronger.
The reserve breeding pigs before daily sports must be strengthened. Proper exercise every day can reduce the occurrence of limb diseases, increase appetite, and promote estrus. The method of sports is based on the working hours of the workers and the venues. It is usually arranged in the afternoon and put together in columns. Each column of pigs moves for half an hour, and they do not have the conditions to exercise every day. At least once a week, they must exercise 2 times - 3 times. If there is no playground, it can be carried out in the corridor of the pig house. The pig sports site should be cleaned up. Any bricks, stones, ironware that are unfavorable to the pig, and plastic products that cannot be swallowed but cannot be digested should be cleaned up to avoid Damage to the pig.
Timely Breeding Reserve Pigs Feeding management personnel before mating should pay close attention to observe their initial estrus time, and make a detailed record, in order to prepare for real breeding, the second heat should also be recorded. It is best to begin to stimulate estrus in the sows with a sexually active boar at 100 kg body weight.
Initial mating weight and age In general, the weight of the replacement breeding pigs should be between 110 kg and 120 kg, and the age should be above 8 months, but it is better not to exceed 10 months. The initial estrus time of reserve breeding pigs is generally 6 months old, but at this time the body may have matured to meet the requirements, but sexual maturation is not fully achieved. If the breeding is too early, it will have adverse effects on the subsequent reproduction performance and body condition recovery. Caused by premature elimination; more than 10 months of mating, physiological development of normal sows have missed 2 - 3 affection period, the breeding effect and the number of births are not ideal, virtually increase the cost of feeding and management, thus affecting the production performance .
There are two types of mating methods: natural mating and artificial insemination. For those who have just started raising and have boars on their own farms, it is best to use natural mating to breed first. Either estrus stable gilts and sexually active boars should be bred to the breeding stalls for breeding. In order to reduce the incidence of sow reproductive tract diseases, sows' vulva and boar's genitals should be cleaned and wiped with clean water before mating, so as to avoid bringing a large amount of pig feces or bacteria and other foreign substances into the sow's vagina. However, at present, most pig farms use artificial insemination technology for breeding. If it is a new field, using this technology, the effect of artificial insemination will be better if it is used for the first time. After the technology is mature, it will be fully developed. It is a matter of course. It is indeed possible to achieve savings, increase productivity, and increase economic efficiency.
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