Thailand's bamboo shell fish, also known as Yunban Jiantang, is a rare and valuable subtropical freshwater species. It is native to rivers, reservoirs and lakes in Southeast Asia and is a medium-sized economic fish. Its body is slightly longer, thicker, and its body color is yellow-brown. It is pleasing to the sand and grass in the bottom of rivers, reservoirs or ponds with relatively clear water or micro-flowing water. It is docile and adaptable to hypoxic conditions. The suitable temperature ranges from 15°C to 35°C. Adult fish mainly feed on small fish, mollusks, and crustaceans in the water. Artificial breeding can also feed compound feed. Because of the good nutrition of the feed it feeds, its growth rate is faster, and the individuals are also relatively large, and it looks quite plump. Generally, the adult fish weight is about 200 grams to 400 grams, and the large ones can reach 500 grams or more. Up to 5 kg.
Market prospects
Thai shell fish is delicate, delicious, and nutritious. It is not only popular in large and medium-sized cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Foshan in Guangdong, but also in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. Favor. The price per kilogram of fish is between 126 yuan and 130 yuan. When it is high, it is about 136 yuan. The prices of restaurants in restaurants are even more expensive, and they are as high as 196 yuan per kilogram. Although the price is expensive, it is still often in short supply. The fishery shops in the general farmers' market and the meat market are even less available. According to another report, the price of shell fish in Thailand is as high as 240 yuan per kilogram, which is almost twice as expensive as in China. Therefore, Thailand shellfish is also a valuable foreign currency for export, which has broad prospects for the development of breeding. According to insiders, in the mid-to-late 1980s, China began to import bamboo shellfish from Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia through Hong Kong. The import price was 120 yuan to 160 yuan per kilogram. Demand increased year by year, but shellfish have not yet formed in Southeast Asia. In scale farming, more than half of its export products come from wild harvesting. The level of culture in the country of origin is less than the Pearl River Delta in the province, and the output is not large. The market is still seeking more than supply, and the average daily access to the Guangdong market is only 1 ton. At present, the current domestic market has not yet been met, and the international market is vast. Chen Yongle, a senior researcher at the Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, believes that as a new breed of high-yield, high-yield aquatic products, Shellfish in Thailand has great potential for development. After some farmers from the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province have introduced a successful trial of Thai shell fish in recent years, they are currently developing aquaculture and are full of confidence in the development of this species.
Rapid development of artificial breeding
According to trial and training experience, Thailand's bamboo shellfish are cultured in ponds with high growth rates and individuals, and they are mainly fed with live fish during breeding, and are raised after seven or eight months under conditions of improved feeding and management. Individuals can weigh between 300g and 350g in that year, and the largest individual can reach 500g or so. The per mu output can reach 250kg to 300kg. Therefore, various localities can actively research and develop Thailand bamboo shellfish culture according to the needs of domestic and foreign markets, and especially study the breeding of fry to solve the problem of seedlings needed for development.
The breeding methods of shellfish in Thailand include pond aquaculture, cage culture and factory culture. For the seedling-laying method, there are two seedlings and two seedlings, the former being stocking 1.5 cm to 2 centimeters of fry and directly growing more than 400 grams of commercial fish; the latter is about 1.5 centimeters to 2 centimeters. Fry seedlings are raised to 5 cm or more in different ways and reared to adult fish ponds. Relatively speaking, the survival rate of the latter is more certain.
The way in which fingerlings are cultivated can be based on their actual conditions. Generally there are:
Earthen pond cultivation method
Similar to the four-mackerel fish fry cultivation method, the pond area should not be too large, 2 mu ~ 5 mu is appropriate, sandy sandy loam soil is better, less silt, into the drainage convenient, fresh water, no pollution. Before the release of seedlings, the poisonous ponds were used to kill harmful organisms, and 250 kg to 500 kg were applied per acre. "Breakwater" was used to cultivate food organisms. After 5 days to 7 days, plankton was multiplyed. When the amount of zooplankton biomass per litre of water should be more than 20, fry about 1.5 cm to 2 cm can be stocked. After stocking, depending on the amount of bait in the pond, appropriate top-dressing; or put the four-mackerel fish flower 2 days to 3 days before the release of bamboo shoot shellfish fry. Above 1.5 cm, shellfish fry have the ability to feed four large-scale fish or shrimp. The production practice proved that the shell fish below 7 cm to 8 cm are best fed with live fish and shrimp. Use this method to cultivate bamboo shoot fry, until it grows to more than 5 cm, clear pond can be divided into adult fish culture. You can also stay in the original pool and continue to raise the product fish size.
Seine cultivation method
In the shallow water area of ​​adult fish breeding ponds, an area of ​​1/15 to 1/3 of the total water surface is surrounded with dense mesh or woven cloth for fry cultivation. Before stocking, as in the case of soil-seedlings, fertilize and feed the food organisms and stock the four-mackerel fish. After being cultivated for 1 month to 1.5 months, when the fry grows to more than 5 cm, the fence can be removed and the fish can be introduced into the pond for breeding.
Cage area is generally 20 square meters to 50 square meters is appropriate, cage height of about 1.5 meters. The net depends on the size of the fry. When stocking 1.5 cm to 2 cm of fry, 20-mesh cages can be used. Stocking density: 300 to 500 pigs per square meter. Feed the rotifers, horns, and other bait 3 times a day. 4 times or feeding fry. About 10 days later, depending on the species size and density, the size and density were adjusted in time. When the fry grows to more than 5 cm, it can be transferred to the pond or left in the cage and raised to commercial fish.
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