The name of the fish shellfish in Thailand is “Sphagnum cuspidatumâ€, originating from rivers, reservoirs and lakes in Southeast Asia. It enjoys habitat in underwater caves or crevices. It has a land area and its activities are close to its habitat. Active food intake is not strong, mostly at night. The color of life is yellow-brown and easily discolored with the living environment. It can be used in acidic waters with a pH of 5 and brackish water with a salinity of 15.
The shellfish are warm-water fish, with a suitable temperature range of 15-35°C, and the optimum growth temperature is 25-30°C. The water temperature begins to drop below 10°C or exceeds 36°C. The sexual maturity is two years. The death and death season is from April to November, and the peak period is from May to July.
Thai shellfish are carnivorous, but they are less ferocious than other carnivorous fish such as raw fish and mackerel.
First, culture methods
1. Fish ponds require that all common fish ponds for rearing four homes fishes can be used for the cultivation of bamboo shell fish. Generally, fish ponds are required to maintain a water depth of 1.5 to 1.8 meters and an area of ​​3-5 acres is ideal. In the early stage of cultivation, relatives of fishes Smaller, the water depth of the fish pond is maintained at about 1.2 meters. The growth is relatively good. With the growth of the fish species and the increase of the water temperature, the water depth is gradually increased to 1.5-1.8 meters, which is favorable for promoting the growth of the fish species.
2. Water quality requirements Bamboo shellfish culture requires that the transparency of the water body can not be too high, can be kept at 25-30 centimeters, the transparency can grow slowly, and it will cause mutual killing; the pH value of 6-7 is relatively ideal, slightly Acidic water is beneficial to increase the survival rate and promote the growth of bamboo shell fish. If the pH value is too high, it will cause the body surface mucus to fall off and cause death.
3. Fish ponds before seedling treatment shall be treated with water 20-30 cm back 10 days prior to transplanting, and tea bran and lime added to the whole pond shall be splashed to kill the miscellaneous fish and parasites in the pond.
4. Seedlings from the current breeding situation in the surrounding areas, the survival rate of seedlings is about 60%-80%. Therefore, the amount of seedlings is generally larger, the specifications for the 3-5 cm, the amount of seedlings to 4000-4500 tail / mu is appropriate; specifications for the 5-7 cm, the amount of seedlings to 3500-4000 tail / mu is appropriate, specifications More than 7 cm, the seedling volume is 3000-3500 tail/mu. When purchasing locally grown fry, the survival rate is higher and the risk of breeding is relatively small.
5. Feeding of feed to Thai shell fish can be fed with fresh fish or chilled fish. As the fish is fed with chilled fish, the water quality is easily deteriorated and the success is less. Currently, fresh fish are generally used in Sanshui District. Way to breed. The practice of breeding shows that before 12 cm in the shellfish fry, feeding a sufficient amount of live feed to facilitate the growth and improve the survival rate of the culture; live bait has red worms and carp “spray†and is fed “spray†The method is: put a bamboo shoot shellfish fry a week before, first put 10 million - 20 million tail soil or wheat bran "spray", so that there is a large number of palatable feed fish for feeding after the bamboo shoots fish ponds; put raising bamboo shoots fry About 10 million to 20 million tail carp “water splashes†will be launched in about 10 days.
6, grading culture Most seedlings reach 12 centimeters or so, should be a sub-standard stocking, otherwise the size difference will be more and more disparity, there will be slaughter, affecting the survival rate of culture. If there is only one fish pond, divide the fish pond into two before putting the seedlings out. Put the shellfish fry on the side and cultivate it first. When the fish is raised to about 12 centimeters, the large-sized (or small-sized) fry will be distributed to the other side. Restocking. This is conducive to promoting the growth of fry and improve the survival rate.
7. The oversea winter bamboo shoots fish breeding cycle generally exceeds 12-15 months, when the seedlings can not reach the listed specifications (400 g / tail), so that in the winter when the water temperature dropped below 10 ° C, the shell fish will be frozen to death, Therefore, it is necessary to take a heat preservation shed till the end of October to cover the entire fish pond, so that the water temperature of the fish pond can be maintained above 15°C, and the bamboo shellfish can survive safely in winter.
8. Daily management Bamboo shoot fish can breathe oxygen from the air. It is very resistant to hypoxia and rarely anaerobic death. However, it is advisable to open the aerator and maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen to promote its growth. The sudden change of the environment of the shell fish will produce strong stress reaction, even death, maintain good water quality, maintain relatively stable water environment of the fish pond, and play an important role in promoting the growth of the bamboo shoot fish and increasing the survival rate.
9. After the wintering period is over, ponds covered with fishponds will have relatively high humidity and air will not circulate. This will easily breed fungi and cause water mold or gills to cause death. It is also possible that excessive nitrite will cause poisoning death. Can use photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria and other microbial preparations to regulate the water quality of fish ponds, to maintain transparency in the 20-30 cm, during the winter should reduce the feeding of feed to prevent large amounts of feces and food residues produce excessive toxic and harmful substances. After the wintering period, the wintering shed should not be dismantled too soon to prevent “cold spring†or low temperature rainwater directly into the pond, resulting in rapid drop of water temperature and frostbite in fish ponds. No drug can be controlled in this situation, and shellfish will be slow for a long time. Slow death, it is generally safe to dismantle winter sheds by the end of April.
Second, common diseases
1, the body surface disease due to shellfish fish scales were comb-like, strong barb, caught in the friction between each other, resulting in epidermis operation is not easy to detect and cause disease, which is in the process of transport, transfer ponds and splitting The main reason for the low survival rate. The scraped fish can be soaked in a solution of 20 mg/elevated potassium manganate for 1 hour to disinfect the wound and disinfected with a disinfectant Quanchiposa.
2. Saprophyte The disease usually occurs during the wintering period of seedlings, fingerlings and broodstock. Control methods: During the cultivation of the seedlings, be careful to avoid damage to the fish body. In the wintering period, take a heat preservation shed. It is advisable to heat the water and maintain the water temperature above 17°C. Sprinkle methylene blue on the fish pond that has already developed and flood the pond. Concentration of 0.2g/m3, spilled once every 2 days.
3. Parasitic diseases Bamboo shoot shellfish are not sensitive to parasites, and small amounts of parasites do not have much influence on them. However, if parasites multiply, they can cause bacterial diseases. Shellfish fish drug resistance to strong, commonly used various types of aquatic pesticides can be used, trichlorfon can use the concentration of 1-1.5 g / m 3.
Third, pay attention to matters
1. Fishing operations In the breeding process, the fishing ponds or fishing operations are not detailed, resulting in damage to the shell fish and causing a large number of deaths. Therefore, they are generally caught in cages.
2. Careful attention should be paid to the quality of seedlings. The biggest reason is the problem of seedlings. The formerly cultivated seedlings were imported seedlings, the size of the seedlings was very different, and the seedlings were seriously damaged, resulting in a serious loss of food or ponds. Death, low survival rate, and finally the failure of the breeding; therefore, it is best to cultivate the fish that live in the hatchery. It is easy to adapt to the local climate and environment, and can greatly increase the chance of successful breeding. In addition, there are many types of bamboo shoots, including Thai bamboo shoot shells, Australian bamboo shoot shells and hybrid bamboo shoot shells. The three kinds of bamboo shoot shell fish have different habits and meat quality. The market price varies greatly, and farmers must make good purchases. Seedlings off.
3. Pay attention to the implementation of the sub-standard farming measures in separate ponds. Due to the phenomenon of large and small growth in shoot growth, when the seedlings reach 12 centimeters (in October-November each year), they should be stocked in large and small scales. Otherwise, the difference in size will be more and more disparity, there will be size killing, affecting the survival rate of culture.
4. Farmers of this breed should have fund basis. The cultivation of bamboo shellfish generally takes about 15 months to reach the market specification, the breeding cycle is longer, the capital turnover is slower, and the amount of invested capital is relatively large. The current cost per kg of fish is 4. It takes about 40-60 yuan to produce 1,500 kilograms of commodity fish per acre. Each acre needs to invest 60,000-90,000 yuan, which requires a relatively large investment. This is a big test for farmers.
The shellfish are warm-water fish, with a suitable temperature range of 15-35°C, and the optimum growth temperature is 25-30°C. The water temperature begins to drop below 10°C or exceeds 36°C. The sexual maturity is two years. The death and death season is from April to November, and the peak period is from May to July.
Thai shellfish are carnivorous, but they are less ferocious than other carnivorous fish such as raw fish and mackerel.
First, culture methods
1. Fish ponds require that all common fish ponds for rearing four homes fishes can be used for the cultivation of bamboo shell fish. Generally, fish ponds are required to maintain a water depth of 1.5 to 1.8 meters and an area of ​​3-5 acres is ideal. In the early stage of cultivation, relatives of fishes Smaller, the water depth of the fish pond is maintained at about 1.2 meters. The growth is relatively good. With the growth of the fish species and the increase of the water temperature, the water depth is gradually increased to 1.5-1.8 meters, which is favorable for promoting the growth of the fish species.
2. Water quality requirements Bamboo shellfish culture requires that the transparency of the water body can not be too high, can be kept at 25-30 centimeters, the transparency can grow slowly, and it will cause mutual killing; the pH value of 6-7 is relatively ideal, slightly Acidic water is beneficial to increase the survival rate and promote the growth of bamboo shell fish. If the pH value is too high, it will cause the body surface mucus to fall off and cause death.
3. Fish ponds before seedling treatment shall be treated with water 20-30 cm back 10 days prior to transplanting, and tea bran and lime added to the whole pond shall be splashed to kill the miscellaneous fish and parasites in the pond.
4. Seedlings from the current breeding situation in the surrounding areas, the survival rate of seedlings is about 60%-80%. Therefore, the amount of seedlings is generally larger, the specifications for the 3-5 cm, the amount of seedlings to 4000-4500 tail / mu is appropriate; specifications for the 5-7 cm, the amount of seedlings to 3500-4000 tail / mu is appropriate, specifications More than 7 cm, the seedling volume is 3000-3500 tail/mu. When purchasing locally grown fry, the survival rate is higher and the risk of breeding is relatively small.
5. Feeding of feed to Thai shell fish can be fed with fresh fish or chilled fish. As the fish is fed with chilled fish, the water quality is easily deteriorated and the success is less. Currently, fresh fish are generally used in Sanshui District. Way to breed. The practice of breeding shows that before 12 cm in the shellfish fry, feeding a sufficient amount of live feed to facilitate the growth and improve the survival rate of the culture; live bait has red worms and carp “spray†and is fed “spray†The method is: put a bamboo shoot shellfish fry a week before, first put 10 million - 20 million tail soil or wheat bran "spray", so that there is a large number of palatable feed fish for feeding after the bamboo shoots fish ponds; put raising bamboo shoots fry About 10 million to 20 million tail carp “water splashes†will be launched in about 10 days.
6, grading culture Most seedlings reach 12 centimeters or so, should be a sub-standard stocking, otherwise the size difference will be more and more disparity, there will be slaughter, affecting the survival rate of culture. If there is only one fish pond, divide the fish pond into two before putting the seedlings out. Put the shellfish fry on the side and cultivate it first. When the fish is raised to about 12 centimeters, the large-sized (or small-sized) fry will be distributed to the other side. Restocking. This is conducive to promoting the growth of fry and improve the survival rate.
7. The oversea winter bamboo shoots fish breeding cycle generally exceeds 12-15 months, when the seedlings can not reach the listed specifications (400 g / tail), so that in the winter when the water temperature dropped below 10 ° C, the shell fish will be frozen to death, Therefore, it is necessary to take a heat preservation shed till the end of October to cover the entire fish pond, so that the water temperature of the fish pond can be maintained above 15°C, and the bamboo shellfish can survive safely in winter.
8. Daily management Bamboo shoot fish can breathe oxygen from the air. It is very resistant to hypoxia and rarely anaerobic death. However, it is advisable to open the aerator and maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen to promote its growth. The sudden change of the environment of the shell fish will produce strong stress reaction, even death, maintain good water quality, maintain relatively stable water environment of the fish pond, and play an important role in promoting the growth of the bamboo shoot fish and increasing the survival rate.
9. After the wintering period is over, ponds covered with fishponds will have relatively high humidity and air will not circulate. This will easily breed fungi and cause water mold or gills to cause death. It is also possible that excessive nitrite will cause poisoning death. Can use photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria and other microbial preparations to regulate the water quality of fish ponds, to maintain transparency in the 20-30 cm, during the winter should reduce the feeding of feed to prevent large amounts of feces and food residues produce excessive toxic and harmful substances. After the wintering period, the wintering shed should not be dismantled too soon to prevent “cold spring†or low temperature rainwater directly into the pond, resulting in rapid drop of water temperature and frostbite in fish ponds. No drug can be controlled in this situation, and shellfish will be slow for a long time. Slow death, it is generally safe to dismantle winter sheds by the end of April.
Second, common diseases
1, the body surface disease due to shellfish fish scales were comb-like, strong barb, caught in the friction between each other, resulting in epidermis operation is not easy to detect and cause disease, which is in the process of transport, transfer ponds and splitting The main reason for the low survival rate. The scraped fish can be soaked in a solution of 20 mg/elevated potassium manganate for 1 hour to disinfect the wound and disinfected with a disinfectant Quanchiposa.
2. Saprophyte The disease usually occurs during the wintering period of seedlings, fingerlings and broodstock. Control methods: During the cultivation of the seedlings, be careful to avoid damage to the fish body. In the wintering period, take a heat preservation shed. It is advisable to heat the water and maintain the water temperature above 17°C. Sprinkle methylene blue on the fish pond that has already developed and flood the pond. Concentration of 0.2g/m3, spilled once every 2 days.
3. Parasitic diseases Bamboo shoot shellfish are not sensitive to parasites, and small amounts of parasites do not have much influence on them. However, if parasites multiply, they can cause bacterial diseases. Shellfish fish drug resistance to strong, commonly used various types of aquatic pesticides can be used, trichlorfon can use the concentration of 1-1.5 g / m 3.
Third, pay attention to matters
1. Fishing operations In the breeding process, the fishing ponds or fishing operations are not detailed, resulting in damage to the shell fish and causing a large number of deaths. Therefore, they are generally caught in cages.
2. Careful attention should be paid to the quality of seedlings. The biggest reason is the problem of seedlings. The formerly cultivated seedlings were imported seedlings, the size of the seedlings was very different, and the seedlings were seriously damaged, resulting in a serious loss of food or ponds. Death, low survival rate, and finally the failure of the breeding; therefore, it is best to cultivate the fish that live in the hatchery. It is easy to adapt to the local climate and environment, and can greatly increase the chance of successful breeding. In addition, there are many types of bamboo shoots, including Thai bamboo shoot shells, Australian bamboo shoot shells and hybrid bamboo shoot shells. The three kinds of bamboo shoot shell fish have different habits and meat quality. The market price varies greatly, and farmers must make good purchases. Seedlings off.
3. Pay attention to the implementation of the sub-standard farming measures in separate ponds. Due to the phenomenon of large and small growth in shoot growth, when the seedlings reach 12 centimeters (in October-November each year), they should be stocked in large and small scales. Otherwise, the difference in size will be more and more disparity, there will be size killing, affecting the survival rate of culture.
4. Farmers of this breed should have fund basis. The cultivation of bamboo shellfish generally takes about 15 months to reach the market specification, the breeding cycle is longer, the capital turnover is slower, and the amount of invested capital is relatively large. The current cost per kg of fish is 4. It takes about 40-60 yuan to produce 1,500 kilograms of commodity fish per acre. Each acre needs to invest 60,000-90,000 yuan, which requires a relatively large investment. This is a big test for farmers.
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