Now is the midsummer high temperature season. When the greenhouses are overwintering and the vegetables have reached the time of picking, it is a good way to eliminate germs, kill eggs, remove weeds, and improve the soil. The so-called high-temperature stuffy shed is the use of the sun's high temperature and drug fumigation for shed disinfection, generally from early July to late August. This method is low in cost, small in pollution, simple in operation, and effective in that it is easily accepted by the masses. However, boring sheds should also pay attention to methods. In the past few years, some peasants have not mastered the basic common sense of boring sheds and have not paid attention to the details of the boring sheds. Therefore, the sterilizing effect of boring sheds cannot be achieved. Here I talk about six issues, and I hope farmers' friends will pay attention when they are in the shed.
First, combined with soil preparation, deep turning fertilizer
The land should be leveled, finely sculpted, and deep-turned fertilization should be used in combination with the site preparation. The land should be generally 25 to 30 cm deep. By taking the opportunity of land preparation, it is best to apply chicken manure and cow dung to the ground so that they can be killed by high temperatures. Bacteria in organic fertilizers. Chicken manure and dried cow dung also have the effect of raising the temperature of the ground and maintaining the temperature of the ground, which can enhance the bactericidal effect. After the land has been turned upside down and flattened, ridges or high and low ridges are formed according to the planting patterns of the crops. This will create a small space between the mulch and the ground, which will help increase the ground temperature.
Second, the foot water irrigation, increase the humidity
The moisture content of the soil is closely related to the bactericidal effect. Practice has proved that the soil moisture content is too low to achieve a good bactericidal effect. The best results are obtained when the soil moisture content reaches 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. Generally, the surface of the irrigation water is preferably 3 to 5 cm above the ground. Combine irrigation with new Chaoyang per acre to avoid 2 kg of deep tillage to increase soil permeability.
Third, drug treatment, sterilization insecticide
For sheds with dead tree phenomenon in past years, 2 to 3 kg of dead tree spirit per mu can be mixed with 5 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. After spreading deep into the ground, the water is poured 10 to 15 cm deep and poured into the water. Lime nitrogen can also be used for mulching. The soil is disinfected to kill the germs in the soil. In addition, before sealing the greenhouse, the surface of the shed was sprayed with a germicide and insecticide to kill the bacteria and pests hiding in the wall joints.
Fourth, close the greenhouse, increase the temperature
Double-layer covering with greenhouse film and plastic film, strictly maintaining the tightness of the greenhouse. Under such conditions, the maximum ground temperature can reach 70°C at a depth of 10 cm below the ground, and the ground temperature at a depth of 20 cm can reach above 45°C. The ground temperature sterilization rate can reach more than 80%.
V. Properly extend the time of drowsy
The vast majority of germs are not resistant to high temperatures and can be killed after more than 10 days of heat treatment. For example, some pathogens such as dermatophyte, cucumber sclerotinia, cucumber pathogens, eggplant verticillium and other pathogens are not very resistant to high temperatures. However, some pathogens are particularly resistant to high temperatures, such as root rot pathogens, clubroot disease, and fusarium wilt pathogens. Some deep-rooted soil-borne pathogens, due to their deep soil distribution, must be treated for 30 to 50 days to achieve good results. . Therefore, when the soil is disinfected, the disinfection time should be determined according to the heat resistance of the crops and their corresponding pathogens in the shed.
Sixth, after treatment
High-temperature stuffy sheds work best for soils no deeper than 15 centimeters deep, and less effective for disinfecting soils more than 20 centimeters deep. Therefore, it is best not to plough the soil after it has been sterilized, even if the ploughing should be limited to a depth of 10 centimeters. . Otherwise, the bacteria in the soil below will be reverted and recontamination will occur. Although the high-temperature stuffy shed can not completely sterilize the greenhouse, it can significantly reduce the density of germs in the field and greatly reduce the incidence of crop morbidity. For greenhouses with root-knot nematodes, when base fertilizers are used after boring, avermectin organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer 400 grams of Gram-negative bacteria can be used per mu, which can basically eliminate the harm of root-knot nematodes.
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