With the reduction of the raw materials used for mushroom cultivation, the bag material has become the mainstream technology for mushroom cultivation. For mushroom growers, how to use scientific cultivation management techniques to produce more quality mushrooms is the key to higher economic efficiency. A good bag of mushrooms, the key lies in grasping four key links.
Select bag cultivation, increase cost of savings
The choice of cultivation materials in the mix requires that both the growth of the mushrooms and the waste be avoided. Commonly used formula: wood chips 83%, bran 16%, gypsum 1%, lime 0.2%, moisture content of about 55%. If the production of 1000 bags (bag size is 18 cm 60 cm), the ingredients: 1500 kg of dry sawdust, 240 kg of bran, 17.5 kg of gypsum, and 1200 to 1300 kg of water. Remind farmers to note that the thickness of sawdust is generally about 9 mm in grain length is appropriate, can not have wood, wood and other block-like hard objects.
In addition to the cultivation materials, it is the choice of cultivation bags. The cultivation of shiitake mushrooms generally uses double-layer bags. The inner bags are made of high-density polyethylene plastic bags that are 18 cm wide and 0.06-0.08 mm thick. They are cut into 60 cm lengths, and they are tied with cotton thread. Tight, and in the flame sealed the rope into a smooth granular, suitable for airtight; outer bag thickness 0.1 ~ 0.2 mm, width 20 cm, length 62 cm. General production of 1,000 bags, need to grow bags about 13 kg.
Thoroughly sterilize germ-free bacteria to create a suitable environment for growth
The sterilization process is very important. It is an important guarantee for the growth of Lentinula edodes in the later period.
In production, the sterilization is basically the use of normal pressure steam sterilization, mainly soil steam stoves and imported steam sterilization furnace, the latter can be moved to save fuel. The pots should be loaded immediately after bagging and can not be delayed. When the pot is installed, the bags are laid flat, and the same layer of bags must be tightly packed. The upper and lower bags form a vertical line, which cannot be overlapped by "products". Space should be left between the lines to facilitate the smooth flow of steam and prevent localization. Sterilization is not complete. When sterilizing, such as using soil steamer, to "attack the head, control the tail", in the atmosphere before the fire raging, and strive to make the material temperature within 100 hours to reach 100 °C, to prevent the culture materials become acid and odor. When the material temperature reaches 100°C, maintain the material temperature at 100°C with an appropriate amount of fire and maintain it for more than 24 hours. Do not stop the fire halfway and do not cool down. After reaching the time, a ceasefire is used to cool the temperature. When the material temperature is below 70°C, the pot is panned, moved into a well-conditioned culture room, and placed in a “goods†shape, and the doors and windows are cooled.
Next inoculation of mushrooms, the inoculation time is to look at the temperature of the bag, when the bag temperature is lower than 28 °C, the bag, strains and inoculation tools with 75% alcohol or 2% mushroom solution Scrub again, wait until dry, put in the inoculation box, and ignite 5 small Bao Bao Bao sealed fumigation 30 minutes after inoculation. Play a hole and then a hole, each bag to connect 3 points, access to the bacteria into blocks, fill the hole, seal the mouth, raised. After taking a box, move it into the training room and place it in a “goods†shape or in a piled wood pattern.
Finally, to create an environment suitable for the growth of mycelium, keep the culture room dark, clean, dry and well ventilated. The key is temperature and ventilation oxygen supply. Temperature management of mushroom bag should be based on the temperature range of mushroom mycelial growth: Mushroom mycelium can grow at 5°C～32°C, 24°C～27°C is the most suitable, and over 30°C is poorly grown. If the mycelial growth time of shiitake mushroom is more abundant, the natural temperature will generally follow the inoculation. As long as the temperature of the mushroom bag is above 10°C, no warming is allowed. If you inoculate late, you need to control the bag temperature at 24 °C ~ 27 °C. In the late stage of bacterial bag growth, mycelial respiration will increase the temperature of the bacteria bag, and should be checked frequently, and measures such as enhanced ventilation should be adopted to allow flexible control to prevent the bag temperature from exceeding 30°C and to prevent “burningâ€.
Black glutinous maize is a special type of maize, whose kernel cuticle deposits melanin to varying degrees, giving it a dark and shiny appearance. The kernels are rich in water-soluble melanin and various essential trace elements, plant protein and various amino acids, with a significantly higher nutritional content than other cereal crops.
The origin of black glutinous maize: coloured glutinous maize is generally white, yellow, red, purple and black, with white, yellow and purple maize being the basic colours. The purple gene of a purple-white cross naturally becomes purple if it "beats" the white gene, and vice versa, so if the two make a tie, we see white and purple maize. Purple can turn into red and black maize, or as we often say, "red is purple and black is purple".
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