Seed processing is the operation of seed material utilization equipment on the site, so that the seed purity is over 90%. The removal of various impurities in the seed material is the primary step in the commercialization of seed processing. In general, people want the higher the purity of the seed processing, but the difficulty will increase. With the full implementation of China's seed engineering, it is necessary to scientifically and rationally select seed processing equipment.
First, understand the properties of the seed
When choosing a seed processing equipment, you must first understand the properties of the seed, as well as the shape and characteristics of the seed, in order to be targeted. The impurities in the seeds are divided according to the geometrical size, and there are large and small impurities; according to the length and short points, there are long and short impurities; according to the weight, there are light and heavy impurities, even if they are light and miscellaneous, there are still light weight and light density. And relatively light and mixed.
There are differences in color, called different color particles, and it is also a kind of seed impurity classification. Since the impurities and properties of the seeds are different, the processing methods are different. Different processing methods necessarily require different seed processing equipment, which determines the diversity of the seed processing equipment.
Second, master the processing method of seeds
Unwanted dopants (such as weed seeds and inerts) in the seed, as well as immature, broken, degraded, pest- or mechanically damaged seeds, and seed shapes as needed, are removed by seed processing equipment The size of the size is graded, and the process of improving the quality of the seed is called selection; the seed is treated by a single machine, which is called seed cleaning; the method is used to reduce the water content of the seed to achieve a safe storage requirement. It is called seed drying; the seed is treated with protective drugs or other methods - the process of mixing or coating is called seed treatment; the process of drying, selecting, coating and metering the seeds becomes a qualified commodity. Collectively referred to as seed processing; a single machine with different functions, combined with the needs of seed processing, is called a seed processing equipment. Seed processing can only increase the clarity of the seed, but not the purity. In addition, some vegetable seeds should be packed in iron cans or various plastic bags after processing. The water content is required to be lower, and some special seed processing equipment is needed to meet the technical requirements.
Third, the selection of seed processing equipment
1. The function and grade should be selected
The seed processing equipment with different working principles has some emphasis on the impurities and functions removed during the seed processing. Due to the variety of seed processing equipment, its function and grade are also different. For the primary grade, a single machine can be selected. This type of equipment can only remove one kind of impurities, and it is difficult to process the standard at one time. For the intermediate grade, the matching unit can be selected. This type of equipment is suitable for the production and operation of the industry, with less investment, quick effect and operation. Simple, easy to move, solid and durable, high return rate; high-grade, optional large-scale complete sets of equipment or assembly lines, this type of equipment investment, high level of modernization, to adapt to large-scale production and operation, can achieve good results in seed processing.
2. The selection of various single machines should be cautious
1 Light and diseased seeds are obviously light in weight, and the size is obviously different from that of good seeds. The wind screen type cleaning machine should be preferred. At present, such equipment is most commonly used. 2 Before seed cleaning, some seeds need to be threshed, seeded, removed, velvet, polished, and stone removed. In this case, the corresponding equipment can be used for processing. For example, when processing corn seeds, a threshing and sorting machine should be used; cotton seeds need to be depiled, and a suitable depilling machine should be selected; if rice needs to be removed, it should be used. 3 If there is a significant difference in the length and length of the seed to be removed, and there are still long or short miscellaneous impurities that cannot be removed after processing by the wind screen cleaning machine, the jack-type selection machine should be considered. 4 After processing by the air screen type cleaning machine and the hole-type selection machine, the seed clarity has been significantly improved, and the particle size is relatively uniform, but there are still some dry granules, worm granules and ear rot particles in corn; Dry glutinous grains, worms and granules in wheat, shell granules; dried glutinous grains, black powder disease grains, bud grains in rice; insect mites, diseased grains, wrinkled granules and other impurities in beans, most of which are Density impurities, which tend to be similar in weight to good seeds, and even heavier than good seeds, should be considered for removal by a specific gravity machine. In general, the gravity type selection machine is more difficult to operate than the air screen type cleaning machine. 5 If the seed has been cleared to meet the standard, it also needs to be further processed, such as mixing, coating, pelletizing, metering and packaging, all of which need to use the corresponding seed machinery to complete such processing.