Sclerotinia management involves several key steps. First, a single round of crop rotation is recommended to break the disease cycle. For seed treatment, uncoated seeds should be dressed with 3% carbendazim wettable powder, which is effective in preventing fungal infections. Soil treatment includes applying 250 grams per mu of 50% carbendazim wettable powder mixed with fine sand and composted soil before sowing. Planting in wide and narrow rows—80 cm for wide rows and 40 cm for narrow rows—is advised, with plant spacing adjusted based on the type of sunflower: about 40 cm for edible varieties and 25 cm for oil types. During the sclerotial blastocyst period, a mixture of 350 grams per mu of 50% carbendazim WP or Sicilian WP blended with fine sandy soil is spread over the rhizomes to prevent infection. At the initial stage of the disease, spraying with 1500 times dilution of 50% carbendazim WP or 40% sclerotin net at 800 times is recommended.
For aphid control, adult aphids can be managed using sex attractants and insecticidal lamps. Insecticides such as 10% diclofen EC diluted 1000 times or 40% chlorpyrifos EC diluted 800 times are effective when applied in the evening. For larvae control before grain formation, 90% trichlorfon crystals diluted 500 times, 20% fenvalerate diluted 1000 times, or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin diluted 1500 times can be used. Reapplication every five days helps maintain effectiveness.
To manage disease resistance, variety selection plays a crucial role. The anti-Lee Dang variety is recommended. Crop rotation with grass crops for at least six to seven years is essential to reduce pathogen buildup. Before harvest and flowering, the field should be cultivated and weeded two to three times, followed by deep plowing or burning to destroy infected residues. Strict seed quarantine measures are also necessary to prevent the introduction of contaminated seeds from affected areas.
Rust management requires similar strategies. Crop rotation is important to avoid continuous host availability. Deep plowing helps bury infected residue and reduce spore survival. Seed dressing with 25% hydroxycamptoluene WP at a rate of 100 grams per 50 kg of seeds is recommended for uncoated seeds. Wide and narrow row planting, along with timely cultivation and drainage, helps reduce humidity and minimize disease development. Spraying should begin early, using 15% triadimefon WP diluted 1000–1500 times or 50% rust rust EC diluted 800 times. A follow-up spray every ten days ensures continued protection against rust.
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