1. Soil Preparation and Fertilization: Select fields with sandy loam or loamy soil that is loose, well-aerated, and moderately fertile. Apply fertilizers at the end of May or beginning of June. Use 10-15 kg of urea or 20-25 kg of Ammonium Bicarbonate per mu, along with 5-10 kg of potassium chloride to ensure balanced nutrition for the plants.
2. Seed Treatment: Soak seeds 1-2 days before sowing to enhance germination and protect against diseases. To prevent sesame black spot and stem blight, soak the seeds in warm water (50-55°C) for 15 minutes, then cool and air-dry them before planting. Plant approximately 0.5 kg of seeds per mu.
3. Seedling Thinning and Transplanting: Begin transplanting seedlings when they have developed 2-3 pairs of true leaves. Space them about 15-20 cm apart, and thin out weak or crowded seedlings to leave 8,000 to 10,000 healthy seedlings per mu. This ensures proper growth and reduces competition for nutrients and light.
4. Timely Topping: After the initial flowering period, remove the main stem tip and the top of each branch by about 1 cm during the 10-20 day window. This practice promotes better branching and increases yield potential.
5. Disease Prevention and Control: Once the black sesame sprouts and the stalks begin to grow rapidly, apply a 50% puerarin solution diluted 800-1000 times. Spray the plants every 5-7 days, repeating the treatment 2-3 times. This helps effectively control black spot, leaf blight, and stem blight, ensuring healthier plants and higher yields.
6. Timely Harvesting: Sesame maturity is often uneven, making timing crucial. Harvesting too early may result in underdeveloped upper seeds, while harvesting too late can cause lower seeds to fall off, leading to losses. It's best to harvest during the latter half of the flowering period, around 5 days after topping. After harvesting, allow the plants to dry for a while before threshing to ensure full seed maturation and optimal quality.
Apple Pomace
1. Using apple pomace as an animal feed ingredient：
1.1 Dried apple pomace is a byproduct from the production of cider, juices and vinegars. It is made up of the peel, pips, pulp and unwanted fruit. It is a highly desirable food that is very palatable due to its sugar content. Up to 3 kg of the pulp can be administered per animal each day (dehydrated). Dehydrated dried apple pomace is heat-dried in a natural gas oven to reach moisture levels that vary between 8% and 12%. No additives and 100% natural. It can be used to feed all types of animals, particularly ruminants. Its fibre content is rich in pectins, which makes it a highly digestible source of fibre. In addition, the pectins themselves can act as bowel transit regulators.
1.2 Depending on the process method, apple pomace contains 8 to 14 percent sugars, which are highly digestible and contribute toward increased palatability in animal feeds.
1.3 Apple Pamace (Pulp)is the residual material from pressing apples fro juice, containing the pulp, peels, and cores. It is a low protein, high fiber feed which is very digestible and palatable. Also, in view of the antioxidant property of pomace, it would play an important role in prevention of diseases: in order for ruminant cows to preserve asuperior rumen condition, the apple pomace pellet can be an essential element for their finer health. Active ruminal microorganisms maintain appropriate ph level and rumen fermentation, keeps the animal healthier.Very digestible and palatable feed, increase nutrition and fiber intake, balance the dietary requirements of the rumen animals
2. Cattle Feed Apple Pomace An Overview:
Cattle feed apple pomace is a by-product of the apple processing industry, offering a sustainable and nutritious option for livestock nutrition. This category encompasses a diverse range of feed options tailored to meet the dietary requirements of various cattle breeds. Apple pomace, rich in fiber and essential nutrients, serves as an excellent feed component, contributing to the overall health and productivity of cattle.
3. Composition and Nutritional Value:
The composition of cattle feed apple pomace is characterized by its high fiber content, which aids in digestion and promotes gut health in cattle. It also contains residual sugars and carbohydrates, providing an energy-rich supplement. The nutritional profile of apple pomace includes vitamins, such as vitamin C and B-complex, and minerals like calcium and phosphorus, making it a beneficial addition to traditional cattle feed.
4. Types and Applications:
Within the realm of cattle feed, apple pomace can be utilized in various forms, such as dried pellets or wet mash, catering to different feeding practices. Its versatility allows for its use in both small-scale farming and larger agricultural operations. As a feedstuff, it is suitable for a range of cattle species, supporting their dietary needs at different life stages.
5. Advantages of Apple Pomace in Cattle Feed：
Incorporating apple pomace into cattle feed offers several advantages. It is a cost-effective ingredient that can reduce the overall cost of feed rations while maintaining nutritional value. Its palatability ensures good feed intake by cattle, and its natural composition supports the aim of sustainable farming practices. Moreover, the use of apple pomace helps in reducing food waste, aligning with eco-friendly agricultural methods.
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