One major issue that growers often face is excessive fruit drop before harvest. This can be caused by several factors. First, during June, when peach trees are in a moisture-sensitive phase, heavy rain can cause the stem cells at the base of the fruit to contract. If this is followed by sudden heavy rainfall or excess water, the cells may rupture, leading to premature fruit drop. Second, over-application of nitrogen fertilizer or poor nutrient assimilation due to insufficient light can also increase fruit drop. Young or early-bearing trees are especially vulnerable, as too much nitrogen encourages vigorous shoot growth instead of fruit development, which diverts essential nutrients away from the fruits and increases the likelihood of dropping. Third, improper bagging techniques, such as tying the bag too tightly around the fruit stem, can cause physical damage and lead to fruit loss.
To address these issues, it's important to manage water and fertilizer properly. Before the hard-core stage, ensure balanced irrigation and avoid overwatering after this period. In case of heavy rain, drain the field promptly to prevent waterlogging. Fertilization should be carefully managed—avoid late applications of nitrogen and use a balanced mix of phosphorus and potassium. Pruning is also crucial. Winter pruning should not be too severe, and summer pruning should be done to control leggy growth, remove dense branches, improve air circulation, and allow better sunlight penetration. Early fruit thinning helps regulate nutrient distribution and reduce competition among fruits. When bagging, make sure the bag is tied securely to the fruit stem, not the stalk, to avoid damaging the attachment point.
Another common problem is fruit rot, which becomes more noticeable as the fruit matures. This can be caused by green leaf spot, which starts as a lesion on the leaves and eventually leads to ulcers on the fruit. Using newspaper bags can also contribute to rot, as they may tear during rain, exposing the fruit to sunburn, pests, and mechanical damage. Strong winds during the ripening period can cause physical damage as branches shake, increasing the risk of rot. Additionally, high planting density can result in poor air circulation and reduced light penetration, making it harder to apply pesticides effectively and increasing disease pressure.
To prevent fruit rot, proactive measures are necessary. Control green leaf spot with appropriate fungicides. Replace newspaper bags with specialized fruit bags designed for peaches to provide better protection. Install supports like stakes or trellises to reduce wind damage. Finally, adjust planting density—maintain a spacing of 5 meters between rows and 4 meters between trees to ensure good ventilation and light exposure, which will help reduce disease incidence and improve overall fruit quality.
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