The primary causes of failure in a tractor's gearbox typically include deformation or wear of key components such as shafts, bearings, gears, shift forks, pins, and springs. If maintenance is neglected or performed improperly—such as having insufficient lubricant levels, failing to replace the oil on time, or using incorrect lubricants—it can lead to serious technical deterioration of the gearbox. Additionally, improper shifting techniques and damage to gear end faces can significantly shorten its lifespan.
Proper maintenance and operation can greatly reduce wear and extend the service life of the transmission. One essential practice is regularly checking the tightness of all gearbox connections and tightening them when necessary. It’s also important to inspect the oil seals on the shaft ends and external joints for leaks. If any seal or gasket is damaged or ineffective, it should be replaced, and all screws should be properly tightened. Regular oil changes are crucial—when replacing the oil, make sure to drain the old oil while it’s still hot and clean the system with diesel or kerosene. Always use new lubricant that meets the manufacturer's specifications.
When shifting gears, avoid forcing the shift lever too hard, as this can cause misalignment and damage to the shift forks and other internal components. Never attempt to shift gears unless the clutch is fully disengaged, as this can lead to gear damage. When operating the tractor, avoid shifting while in motion if possible. Also, do not engage the clutch too quickly, as this can create sudden impact loads that may cause premature tooth surface wear, spline damage, or even breakage of the drive shaft. It is strictly discouraged to slam the clutch pedal to overcome heavy loads or obstacles, as this increases wear and reduces the overall durability of the transmission system.
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