Since the launch of the High-Toxicity Pesticide Alternative Testing Demonstration Project in 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture has continuously promoted four batches of five organic substances as safer alternatives to highly toxic pesticides. These include methionine, parathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, and phosphine. These alternatives are now widely used for pest control in vegetable cultivation. Here’s a detailed breakdown of their application:
First, for controlling aphids on vegetables, several options are available. Imidacloprid is recommended at 1–2 g of active ingredient per mu, while acetamiprid should be applied at 0.45–0.6 g per mu. Pymetrozine requires 5 g of active ingredient, pyrethrin at 1.8 g, and bitter alkaloids at 0.4 g. Chlorothion is also used at 2 g per mu. All these should be sprayed at the beginning of the aphid infestation period.
Second, for whitefly control (Bemisia tabaci), imidacloprid is applied at 2 g per mu, and bifenthrin at 0.75 g per mu. Acetamiprid is used at 2.5 g per mu (e.g., 3% EC formulation: 83 ml/mu), and thiamethoxam at 4 g per mu (e.g., 25% water dispersible granules: 16 g/mu). These sprays should be applied when nymphs first appear.
Third, for controlling the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), bromide is used at 5 g per mu, furaldehyde hydrazone at 6 g, and indoxacarb at 2.4 g. Hexaflumuron is applied at 2.5–3.5 g per mu (e.g., 5% fluvoluril: 50–70 ml/mu), and chlorpyrifos at 20–24 g per mu (e.g., 40% EC: 50–60 ml/mu). Methylamino vermeticin is used at 0.3–0.5 g per mu (e.g., 1% emamectin: 30–40 ml/mu), with a spray volume of 50 kg of water. It's best to apply these during the early larval stages (before the second instar).
Tebufenozide + chlorpyrifos is another combination, using 24 g of active ingredients (4 g tebufenozide + 20 g chlorpyrifos), and flubendiamide at 3 g per mu. Spraying should occur when the larvae are still young, ideally under two instars.
Fourth, for diamondback moth control, emamectin is recommended at 0.15–0.25 g per mu, fipronil at 1–2 g, chlorfenapide at 3.35–5 g, indoxacarb at 3 g, and chlorfenapyr at 5–6 g (e.g., 10% suspension: 50–60 g/mu), with 50 liters of water per mu. Flubendiamide is also used at 3 g per mu, and it should be applied during the egg hatching to the second instar stage.
Finally, for leek diseases such as soft yellow tips and lodging, chlorpyrifos is used at 160 g per mu. When symptoms appear, the solution is diluted and poured directly onto the roots. Diazinon is applied at 400 g per mu as granules, mixed into the soil and irrigated after application. Ciprofloxacin and phoxim are also used, with 30 mg of ciprofloxacin and 480 g of phoxim diluted and poured onto the roots when early symptoms appear.
These alternative pesticides not only reduce health risks but also help maintain ecological balance in agricultural systems. Always follow local guidelines and safety protocols when applying these products.
Maxillofacial Fixation
Maxillofacial fixation system -- micro-plate for cranial and maxillofacial fracture fixation, designed for the surgical treatment of maxillofacial trauma fractures, suitable for the forehead, nose, orbit, zygomatic, maxillary region, and pediatric craniofacial bones.
The system is an orthopedic surgical instrument for neurosurgical tools. The maxillofacial fixation system includes micro-plates, straight plates, L-shaped plates, T-shaped plates, Y-shaped plates, double Y-shaped plates, H-shaped plates for cranial and maxillofacial fractures. The product range is complete, covering three-dimensional titanium mesh, self-drilling rotary bone screws, anatomical orbital floor plates, orthodontic nails, etc. However, the facial anatomical structure is special, and the screw plate needs to be placed away from the fracture line and avoid important anatomical structures such as nerves and teeth roots. Therefore, the specifications of the screw plate system are required to be as diverse as possible in order to be used in different bone structures, such as different radian, length, and number of screw holes. The bone plates forcranial and maxillofacial fractures are mainly divided into 1.5mm, 2.0mm and 2.4mm systems.
Titanium (including pure titanium and titanium alloy) is the most common material for hard tissue implants. Its elastic modulus and tensile strength are higher than those of human bone, and it is better than other metal materials such as nickel-titanium alloy and cobalt-chromium alloy in terms of biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Our maxillofacial plate is made of titanium, and the self-tapping screws are mainly made of titanium alloy.
Jaw fractures include maxillary fractures and mandibular fractures. According to whether the fracture trauma is exposed, it can be divided into open fracture and closed fracture. Trauma is the most common cause of jaw fracture, which usually includes hit, traffic injury, fall injury, firearm injury, and a few iatrogenic injuries. All are caused by external forces acting directly or indirectly on the maxillofacial region. With the popularization of motor vehicles, the proportion of jaw fractures caused by traffic accidents has increased year by year, which has become the main cause of jaw fractures. In addition, neoplastic lesions in the maxillofacial region often lead to pathological jaw fractures.
In summary, maxillofacial fixation system has been widely used in clinical maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery and ENT, and has a relatively mature market.
Titanium Plate,Rectangular Plate,orthognathic surgery,oral and maxillofacial
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