Since the launch of the High-Toxicity Pesticide Alternative Testing Demonstration Project in 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture has gradually promoted four batches of five organic substances as safer alternatives to highly toxic pesticides. These include methionine, parathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, and phosphine. These alternatives are now widely used for managing pests in vegetable crops.
For controlling aphids in vegetables, several effective options are available. Imidacloprid is recommended at 1–2 g of active ingredient per mu, while acetamiprid should be applied at 0.45–0.6 g per mu. Pymetrozine requires 5 g, pyrethrin needs 1.8 g, and bitter alkaloids at 0.4 g. Chlorothion is used at 2 g per mu. Spraying should begin at the early stages of infestation.
To manage whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), imidacloprid can be applied at 2 g per mu, and bifenthrin at 0.75 g per mu. Acetamiprid is also an option at 2.5 g per mu (e.g., 3% EC formulation: 83 ml/mu), while thiamethoxam is recommended at 4 g per mu (e.g., 25% water-dispersible granules: 16 g/mu). Applications should start when nymphs appear.
For controlling the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), bromide is used at 5 g per mu, fufenozide at 6 g, indoxacarb at 2.4 g, and hexaflumuron at 2.5–3.5 g (e.g., 5% fluvoluril: 50–70 ml/mu). Chlorpyrifos is applied at 20–24 g per mu (e.g., 40% EC: 50–60 ml/mu), and emamectin benzoate at 0.3–0.5 g per mu (e.g., 1% emamectin emulsifiable concentrate: 30–40 ml/mu), with a spray volume of 50 kg of water. It's best to apply these when larvae are in their early stages (before second instar).
A combination of tebufenozide + chlorpyrifos is recommended at 24 g of active ingredients (4 g tebufenozide + 20 g chlorpyrifos). Flubendiamide is applied at 3 g per mu, ideally during the peak population of Spodoptera exigua, when most larvae are still under two instars.
To control the diamondback moth, emamectin is recommended at 0.15–0.25 g per mu, fipronil at 1–2 g per mu, chlorfenapyr at 5–6 g per mu (e.g., 10% suspension: 50–60 g/mu), and flubendiamide at 3 g per mu. Applications should be made during the egg hatching to the second-instar larval stage, using 50 liters of water per mu.
For leek diseases such as soft yellow tips and lodging, chlorpyrifos is applied at 160 g per mu, diluted in water and poured directly into the root zone. Diazinon is used at 400 g per mu, mixed into the soil and irrigated after application. Additionally, ciprofloxacin at 30 mg and phoxim at 480 g per mu can also be applied similarly to manage early symptoms. This approach ensures better absorption and effectiveness in controlling root-related issues.
Intramedullary nails are orthopedic internal fixation devices in medical devices. Intramedullary nails consists of main nail,locking screws,cannulated locking screws,blade screws,lag screws and end cap.
The proximal end of the main nail is provided with a proximal locking screw holes, and the surface of the intramedullary nail is provided with more than one long decompression plane, which can be from the proximal end of the intramedullary nail to the distal end.It is one of the most important orthopedic implants.
Intramedullary Nail,Interlocking Nail,Tibia Intramedullary Nail,Femoral Nail
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