Improper use of pesticides, such as applying them at high concentrations, unevenly, in excessive amounts, or using expired products, can lead to visible symptoms like yellow-white or brown spots on leaves. In severe cases, entire leaves and even whole plants may wither and turn yellow, appearing dry and brittle. For example, when using "rice foot green" to control sheath blight, young seedlings may appear green but fail to develop properly, with ears not forming correctly. Similarly, the use of high concentrations of 2,4-D or dimethyltetrachloride herbicides can cause leaf deformation, affecting plant growth and development.
To prevent these issues, it's crucial to thoroughly understand the type, properties, application methods, and safety precautions of any pesticide before use. Avoid misusing or overusing chemicals, and always follow the recommended dilution rates and application guidelines. The timing of pesticide application is also important—some herbicides, like dimethyltetrachloride, are safest when applied during the tillering stage. Applying them too early, such as at the 5-leaf stage, or too late, after the jointing stage, can increase the risk of phytotoxicity.
If phytotoxicity occurs, immediate action should be taken. Drain the field and refill it with fresh water to flush out the chemical residue. Adding quick-acting fertilizer can help stimulate rice seedling recovery. In cases where herbicide damage is detected early, especially during the bud or seedling stage, applying plant ash or spraying alkaline water can help neutralize the toxic effects and reduce harm to the crop.
Proper training and awareness of pesticide use are essential for maintaining healthy crops and minimizing environmental impact. Always read labels carefully and consult local agricultural experts if unsure about the correct usage.
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