One of the main issues in peach cultivation is excessive fruit drop before harvest. This can be caused by several factors. First, during June, when peach trees are in a moisture-sensitive phase, heavy rainfall can cause the stem cells at the fruit base to contract. If the tree then experiences sudden heavy rain or excessive water, the cells may rupture, leading to premature fruit drop. Second, over-application of nitrogen fertilizer or poor nutrient assimilation due to insufficient light can increase fruit drop. Especially in young or early-bearing trees, too much nitrogen promotes excessive shoot growth, which diverts nutrients away from the fruits, resulting in more fruit loss. Third, improper bagging techniques, such as tying the bag too tightly around the fruit stem, can cause physical damage and lead to fruit fall.
To address this issue, proper water and fertilizer management is essential before the hardening period. Water should not be over-applied once the hardening stage begins, and if heavy rain occurs, drainage should be ensured promptly. Fertilization should focus on balanced nutrition—avoiding excessive nitrogen and using phosphorus and potassium fertilizers together. In addition, pruning should be done carefully. Winter pruning should not be too severe, while summer pruning helps control leggy branches, remove dense foliage, improve light exposure, and promote better air circulation. Early fruit thinning also helps regulate nutrient distribution and reduce fruit drop. When bagging, the bag’s opening should be tied to the fruit stem, not the pedicel, to avoid pressure on the fruit’s attachment point.
Another common problem is the occurrence of rotten fruit. This can be caused by several factors. For instance, green leaf spot disease can lead to ulcers on the fruit surface, eventually causing rot. Using newspaper bags can also be problematic, as they may tear during rain, exposing the fruit to sunburn, bird pecking, and pest infestation. Strong winds during the ripening stage can cause mechanical damage as branches shake, leading to bruising and rot. Additionally, high planting density can result in poor ventilation and light penetration, making it difficult to spray effectively and increasing the risk of disease.
To prevent fruit rot, it's important to actively manage green leaf spot disease through timely fungicide applications. Switching to specialized fruit bags for peaches instead of newspaper bags can help protect the fruit better. Supporting trees with stakes, trellises, or other structures can reduce wind damage. Lastly, adjusting planting density to an appropriate spacing of 5 meters between trees and 4 meters within rows improves airflow and makes spraying more effective, ultimately reducing disease incidence.
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