Sclerotinia management involves several key steps. First, a single round of soil dumping is recommended to reduce the pathogen load. For seed treatment, uncoated seeds should be dressed with 3% carbendazim wettable powder (50% concentration) to protect against infection. Soil treatment includes applying 250 grams per mu of 50% carbendazim wettable powder mixed with fine sand and composted soil before sowing. Planting in wide and narrow rows is advised, with wide rows spaced 80 cm apart and narrow rows at 40 cm. For edible sunflowers, plants should be spaced about 40 cm apart, while oil sunflowers require closer spacing of around 25 cm. During the sclerotial blastocyst period, apply 350 grams per mu of 50% carbendazim WP or Sicilian WP mixed with fine sandy soil to cover the rhizomes. At the early stage of disease onset, spray with 50% carbendazim WP diluted 1500 times or 40% sclerotin net at 800 times.
For aphid control, adult aphids can be managed using sex attractants and insecticidal lamps. Insecticides such as 10% diclofen EC diluted 1000 times or 40% chlorpyrifos EC at 800 times are effective when applied in the evening. For larvae control before grain filling, use 90% trichlorfon crystals at 500 times, 20% fenvalerate at 1000 times, or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin at 1500 times. Repeat spraying every five days for continued control.
To manage crop diseases, variety selection plays a crucial role. Use resistant varieties like Anti-Lee Dang. Implement a crop rotation system with grass crops for at least six to seven years. Before flowering and harvest, cultivate and weed the fields two to three times, ensuring deep root development or burning of residues. Strict seed quarantine measures must be enforced to prevent the introduction of infected seeds from affected areas.
For rust control, implement crop rotation and deep plowing to disrupt the disease cycle. Seed dressing is essential—uncoated seeds should be treated with 25% hydroxycamptoluene WP at a rate of 100 grams per 50 kg of seeds. Wide and narrow row planting helps improve air circulation, and timely cultivation and drainage help reduce field humidity. Early spraying is critical; use 15% triadimefon WP at 1000–1500 times dilution or 50% rust rust EC at 800 times. Apply preventive treatments every ten days to maintain control over the disease.
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