Distinguish fertilizer types to understand fertilization
The serious consequences of soil acidification, consolidation, and productivity decline caused by the abuse of chemical fertilizers have made farmers' friends deeply aware of the importance of using ecological and environmentally friendly fertilizers. However, there are various kinds of fertilizers distributed in the market, such as organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, etc., and there are many different brands. The growers cannot choose, what are the differences and links between them? What? How are they classified? Why are farmyard fertilizers and organic fertilizers sold for only 1,000 yuan per ton, while biological fertilizers are sold at 4 to 5,000 yuan per ton or even ten thousand yuan per ton? Why are their prices so different?
In fact, these types of fertilizers are essentially different. According to their main components and principles, they can be divided into three categories: organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers. After clarifying this knowledge, we can use it comprehensively for planting and production to increase production.
First, the difference and connection of several fertilizers
First of all, their composition, mechanism of action, and function are different. Organic fertilizer refers to a variety of animals, plants, etc. Fermented after a certain period of fermentation, which contains a large number of biological substances, animal and plant residues, excrement, biological waste and other substances, containing only a small amount or substantially free of beneficial microorganisms . Biofertilizer, also known as bactericidal fertilizer and microbial fertilizer, refers to a special type of fertilizer containing a large number of living microorganisms. We also call these functional microorganisms, which mainly include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-releasing bacteria, and actinomycetes. , yeast, etc. The bacteria content is about 20 million / g. When biological fertilizers are applied to soil, functional microorganisms can actively move under suitable conditions: some can multiply around the roots of crops, exert their own nitrogen fixation or combined nitrogen fixation, and some can also decompose phosphorus and potassium minerals for crop absorption or Secreting growth hormone stimulates crop growth. From this it can be seen that biological fertilizers do not directly supply the nutrients needed by the crops. Instead, they provide the nutrients needed by the crops or produce hormones to stimulate the growth of the crops through the active activities of functional microbes in the soil. This has an effect on organic fertilizers and fertilizers. Essentially different. The microbial fertilizer starter is a starter, the bacteria content is usually 1 billion / g, it does not contain a variety of fertilizer components, its role is to human and animal excrement, crop straw and other materials through fermentation to produce biological fertilizer, and biological fertilizer is also Produced through this type of product. Therefore, these three categories of products can be visually summed up as follows: the application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers is like giving crops ready-made foods, while the application of biological fertilizers not only gives crops ready-made food, but also gives them the same machines and methods for food production. It can continuously provide nutrients to crops. As for the raw materials everywhere: organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers that crops cannot use; microbial fertilizers starter is the key material for the production of biological fertilizers.
Second, their application rates and methods of use are completely different. Such as organic fertilizer, the use of the amount of 4000 ~ 5000 kg / acre; while the amount of bio-fertilizer is very small, such as Hua Xia Kang Yuan's microbial fertilizer is only 1 ~ 2 kg / acre; because organic fertilizer is directly provided as a fertilizer for plant absorption The bacteria fertilizer is used to decompose the soil, organic fertilizers, and chemical fertilizers to provide plants with N, P, K and other nutrients needed for their growth through the life activities of a large number of microorganisms contained therein. It can increase inorganic fertilizers and organics. Fat fertilizer effect. It is worth noting that bio-fertilizers cannot completely replace organic fertilizers. Fertilizers should be dominated by organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, combined with the use of biological fertilizers to increase the utilization of organic and chemical fertilizers. The microbial fertilizer starter is not directly applied to the soil, but is used in livestock and poultry manure and crop straws, through which the functional microorganisms decompose the materials to produce biological fertilizers that are beneficial to crop absorption. Usually one kilogram of microbial fertilizer ferment can ferment 2-3 tons of fresh material; for example, a type 1 fertilizer ferment, 1 kilogram can ferment 2.5 tons-3 tons of livestock manure and crop straw, greatly improving the fertility of the original material.
Second, a reasonable fertilization model
Having clarified the classification of fertilizers, I believe that everyone's doubts are basically solved. Smart growers may immediately think of the possibility of comprehensive fertilization of several types of fertilizers. This idea is very true. Research shows that the following fertilization options can increase fertilizer utilization and promote crop yields and harvests. Taking an acre of tomato for example, the human, livestock and poultry manure used for fertilization can be sprinkled into the first type fertilizer starter (3 kg of livestock and poultry manure with 1 kg starter) and then evenly applied to the soil after fermentation (because After the fermented fertilizer has been treated, the crop can already be absorbed directly, so the depth of application is slightly shallower.) Through this method, the conversion of farmyard manure to organic manure can be easily completed, which not only improves the fertilizer efficiency, but also completely decomposes the material and prevents secondary fermentation leading to burning seedlings. Adding 2 kg of fungus fertilizer to the base fertilizer can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by more than half and increase the yield by more than 30%.
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