Parvovirus enteritis is an acute, highly contagious disease of cockroaches, with high morbidity and mortality. It is one of the most important contagious diseases that threaten the eel farming industry. The main feature of the disease is diarrhea, which contains grayish white tubules composed of ablating intestinal mucosa, fibrin, and intestinal mucus, with markedly reduced white blood cells and severe gastroenteritis changes.
1 Popular features
The main source of infection of the disease is sickness and endurance (at least poisonous, detoxification for more than one year). Cats suffering from pancytopenia, viral enteritis, and dogs suffering from parvovirus enteritis can cause viral enteritis. It is mainly transmitted directly or indirectly through the digestive and respiratory tracts, but it can also be transmitted through the infected feces, urine and saliva. Contaminated feed, water, utensils and the environment cause susceptible animals to become infected.
The disease occurs frequently from June to October, and is often endemic in the young pupa population. The incidence rate can reach 50% to 60%, and the mortality rate is as high as 90%. The incidence and mortality of adult crickets are generally about 20%, and many Chronic and latent infection. Rehabilitation sickness can get a longer period of immunity, but it is still poisonous and is the most dangerous source of infection.
2 Clinical symptoms and pathological changes
The incubation period is generally about 5 days, and the death occurs in the acute affected person the next day, which is the most in 4 to 14 days. After 15 days, it gradually becomes subacute or chronic. At the beginning of illness, the patient suffers from mental depression, loss of appetite, or even abolishment. The coat is unkempt and lusterless. Body temperature rises above 40°C, and thirsty desire increases. Sometimes vomiting occurs. Subsequent diarrhoea occurred. The feces were soft and thin, followed by grayish-white tube-like objects. A few were bright red and reddish-brown, gradually yellowish-green, and stools with strips of blood were sometimes seen. As the disease progresses, feces are mixed with mucous membranes of various colors. The thickness of the exfoliative mucosa is different. It is gray, yellow-white, and black coal tar. Severe diarrhea, often expressed as tenesmus, followed by more extreme weakness and weight loss, eye sockets collapsed, and finally failed to die. Rehabilitated warts, such as recurrence, more and more bad. The number of white blood cells is significantly reduced. In most cases, the condition is often aggravated by the concurrent E. coli and Salmonella.
Pathological changes are characterized by acute intestinal catarrhal, fibrinous, hemorrhagic enteritis changes. Death disease can be seen as pale, dehydrated, empty stomach, peritoneal effusion, and a cellulose covering on the serosal surface. The intestinal lumen in the middle and posterior segments of the small intestine was expanded, the serosa was congested, the intestinal contents were mixed with blood, and the intestinal mucosa was severely detached. It was dark red and the appearance was blood-intestinal. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy, hyperemia, and hemorrhage. In some cases, the entire small intestine showed hyperemia and marked hemorrhage, mucosal epithelial necrosis and loss, and villous atrophy. Subacute or chronic deceased crickets have fibrinoid necrotic lesions in the bowel wall, most swollen mesenteric lymph nodes, some splenomegaly, gallbladder full of bile, liver yellowish, and fragile texture.
3 Diagnosis
According to epidemiology, clinical features and the sharp decline of white blood cells can be used for the initial diagnosis; confirmed by specific hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test or virus isolation and identification.
3.1 Virus electron microscope examination
Collect diseased earthworm excrement and mix it with the same amount of PBS solution. Centrifuge at 3000r/min for 10min. Take the supernatant and add the same amount of chloroform to shake for 15min. In the same manner, treat it once more, and take the supernatant droplet on the copper mesh. The phosphotungstic acid with a pH of 6.2 was counterstained and examined under an electron microscope and a large number of aggregated virus particles were found.
3.2 Serological tests
Take the stool of the sick mane and use 0.5% porcine erythrocyte as the indicator system. Use the anti-temporal colitis serum as the hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test. The agglutination of red blood cells is inhibited.
4 treatment
There is no specific drug for the treatment of the disease. The most effective measure to control the disease is the timely injection (especially in the early stage of disease) of hyperimmune serum, supplemented by symptomatic treatment to control secondary infection.
(1) Isolation and rearing. The diseased quail was isolated and kept separately. Each diseased worm was intramuscularly injected with 3 mL of anti-viral enteritis serum once a day for 3 consecutive times. At the beginning of the disease, it should be fasted for 1 to 2 days, giving plenty of warm water with electrolysis multidimensional.
(2) Emergency vaccination. It is assumed that healthy fleas are vaccinated with prion antiviral enteritis vaccine.
(3) symptomatic therapy. In order to alleviate the symptoms of vomiting, it can be intramuscularly injected with 1.0 ml of Emerald. The blood stasis can be administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection with a hemostatic sensitivity of 0.125 to 0.250 g. To prevent secondary infection, enrofloxacin or gentamicin is injected intramuscularly.
(4) Comprehensive treatment. Serious illness, timely cardiac rehydration. Compound sodium chloride 20 ~ 50mL, amoxicillin 0.2 ~ 0.5g, ribavirin 1 ~ 2mL, dexamethasone 1 ~ 2mL, vitamin C1 ~ 2mL, intravenous or intraperitoneal injection. During the recovery period, diet should be controlled, and soft, easily digestible foods should be given. After a small number of times, the food should gradually return to normal diet.
5 Prevention
To completely prevent, control and eliminate the disease, comprehensive preventive measures must be taken. Usually, attention should be paid to strengthening feeding and management, strictly implementing the veterinary health system, conducting regular disinfection and immunization vaccination, and not introducing seedlings from susceptible areas.
(1) Strengthen feeding management and do a good job of comprehensive prevention and control. It is forbidden to introduce species from the epidemic area. The introduction of species from the non-epidemic area must also be isolated and observed. After confirming health and supplementing the vaccine, it can be reared in groups. In the market, cats and dogs are forbidden, and contact with these animals is isolated. Pay attention to exterminate mice, destroy various blood-sucking insects, and kill birds.
(2) Do a good job of sanitation and regular disinfection. The dead carcasses were buried or incinerated. The ground and site were disinfected with 3% NaOH. The cages were sterilized with flames. The equipment was cleaned and disinfected with 100 toxin disinfectants. Once a day for 7 days, fecal matter, urine and other excrement were timely. Innocent treatment. Disinfection shall be carried out in batches with regular disinfection, and after each thorough disinfection for 1 month, reintroduction shall be performed.
(3) Adherence to vaccination and reasonable immunity. In the routine epidemic prevention work, maternal antibody monitoring should be done well. According to the changes in maternal antibody levels and the epidemic dynamics of the local epidemic, scientific and reasonable determination of immunization time, establishment of immunization procedures, and timely immunization should be carried out. In order to ensure that the pups get enough immunity from the disease, to obtain good economic benefits. Inactivated or attenuated vaccine for virulent enteritis cell culture, Tsaizi should be inoculated 2 to 3 weeks after each nest in June to July of each year, and adult infestations should be conducted twice a year from December to January and June to July each year. The dose was 2 mL for Tsai and 3 mL for adult, and the immunization period was 6 months.
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