Diagnosis and treatment of mixed infections of swine dysentery and Eperythrozoon

Swine dysentery is a unique intestinal infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. It is characterized by weight loss, diarrhea, or mucous hemorrhagic chancre. The disease has a high incidence, rapid onset, and high mortality.

Eperythrozoonosis is a zoonosis caused by blood parasites with anemia, jaundice and fever as the main symptoms. The disease duration is approximately 10 to 30 days and the mortality rate is high. Treatment of these two diseases alone is not difficult. Once mixed, it will cause great difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, and high mortality and high elimination rate will cause heavy losses to the pig industry.

First, the incidence

In Weihai, Shandong Province, since June 2005, pigs raised in some small- and medium-sized pig farms have become prevalent in areas such as Zhangliu Town, Boyu Town and Huancui District. The incidence of disease is usually 4 to 30 days after the introduction of the pigs. The feed intake at the beginning of the disease is rapidly reduced or eliminated. The body temperature can reach 40.5 to 41.5°C. Some of the affected pigs quickly lose weight, difficulty in breathing, row of soft stools or loose stools, and they turn into water. Diarrhea, feces is fat-like or jelly-like, brown, red or black, with the development of the disease in the feces with mucous membranes or pieces of cellulose exudate, smell stench. Redness or erythema from the nose, ears, and body skin, and later purple. Mortality has soared over the course of more than 7 days. If not treated properly, the mortality rate can reach more than 90%. Most of the patients were treated after the treatment was ineffective for 2 to 5 days. A total of 83 cases were treated during this period. The number of affected pigs was 10087. After the author's clinical verification, the use of strong force with Xiaohong, Ao Kelin with agaric net acupuncture and the whole group of oxytetracycline hydrochloride, carbendazial net and other drug treatment, received satisfactory results, now the diagnosis and treatment are introduced as follows.

Second, the clinical symptoms

Symptoms of different herds after onset were different, most of them presented as acute passages, affecting the entire population 1 to 3 days, most cases anorexia, severe diarrhea or constipation. Feces contain mucus, blood, or blood clots, and those who die acutely have purple or no significant changes. The sick pigs were highly dehydrated, defecate incontinent, bowed, abdominal pain, purple tips at the tips of the ears, abdomen, and extremities. The ears were dry and rolled up. The individual pigs developed shortness of breath and were abdominal breathing and dry cough. The conjunctiva is inflamed and the urine is brown or dark yellow. Chronic pigs had chest, abdomen and perineum with bleeding points, walking swaying, kicking the abdomen with hind limbs, coarse hairless hair, rapid weight loss, late fecal incontinence, contaminated feces around the anus and the base of the tail, standing weak, extremely weak and dead.

Third, the necropsy changes

On the body surface, there are needle-like bleeding points and purple spots on the ends of the ears, nose, and extremities, chest, and abdomen, and blood coagulation is poor. Submandibular, hilar, mesenteric, inguinal lymph nodes were highly swollen, with varying degrees of hemorrhage. Mushroom-sized hemorrhagic ulcers were found in the throat. The trachea is filled with foam-like mucus. The lungs have a large area of ​​blood stasis or a bit of bleeding. Myocardial degeneration is like burned with boiling water. Gastric ulcer or flushing at the bottom of the stomach, pyloric swelling or bleeding in the fundus. Acutely dead pigs are well-nourished, with catarrhal or hemorrhagic colitis. The mucous membranes of the colon and cecum are swollen and bleeding, and the contents of the intestines are thin. They contain mucus and blood, and they are soy sauce or brown. Thickening of the rectal mucosa, severe bleeding points. Lesions mainly in the cecum and colon, intestinal wall and mesenteric congestion, edema, and some mucinous hemorrhagic inflammation, surface mucosal necrosis, the formation of gray or yellow pseudomycin fibrin membrane, was bran-like, peeled pseudomembranous visible The smashed surface. Liver blood stasis, swelling, crisp, and some weigh 5 kg, the surface of regional necrosis, gallbladder filling, bile like rice soup, gallbladder mucosal bleeding. Some kidney enlargement, easy peeling of the capsule, there is a small diffuse bleeding, bladder congestion and hemorrhage.

Fourth, diagnosis

Intestinal Mucosa and Fecal Disease Examination Fresh pig feces or large intestine mucous smears were taken from the pigs and stained with Giemsa, ammonium oxalate, crystal violet, or red stain, and microscopic examination. There were 3 or more 3-4 lesions visible in each field under high magnification. The larger spiral body can be suspected of the presence of swine blood.

Blood test Pigs are bloody and do not adhere to the wall of the test tube. The blood collected in the anticoagulant test tube is cooled and then poured out. It can be seen that the wall of the test tube has granular microblood. When the blood is heated to 38°C, this phenomenon occurs. Almost disappeared.

Take venous blood (or anticoagulant) on glass slides, add equal amount of salt water, and cover glass. Observe under a 400 to 600 times dark field microscope to see that the worm body is spherical, comma-shaped, and rod-shaped. Or granular.
Blood smears were taken, and ear vein blood (or anticoagulant) smears were taken. Giemsa stained microscopy showed that there were many round, oval, rod-shaped purplish red blood cells on the surface of red blood cells. The body refraction is strong, the center shines, looks like the air bubble, the cell edge is not smooth, uneven, the Wright's stained microscope examines the body to be purple blue.

According to epidemiology, clinical symptoms, changes in necropsy and laboratory tests, mixed infections of swine dysentery and Eperythrozoon were diagnosed.

V. Treatment

The pig was intramuscularly injected with 5 mg of guanosine net needle per kilogram of body weight (manufactured by Weifang Liuwang) twice a day for 5 days; Qiangfu with Xiaohong (doxycycline hydrochloride, Qilu animal production) was injected intramuscularly with 0.1 kg of body weight. Ml, once daily, for 4 days. After the pigs were fed, florfenicol 200 g/ton feed was added to the feed, the fungus net 100 g/ton feed, and doxycycline 200 g/ton feed were used for one week. Timely elimination of sick pigs, and other treatment should pay attention to symptomatic treatment, vitamin C, vitamin K3. The weak heart is injected with a cardiac stimulant (Ansay, etc.). With the above methods of treatment, the condition generally improves on the third day and the appetite begins to increase. After 5 days of continuous medication, large groups can basically recover with a cure rate of 85?.

Six, typical cases

In a fattening pig farm in Huancui District, Weihai City, Shandong Province, on February 21, 2006, 627 pigs were placed on the shelf. Ten pigs were accepted for intramuscular injection on the day of admission, and three pigs were used for swine fever, pig erysipelas, and lung disease. No abnormalities were found in the pigs within 7 days. After 8 days, the pigs developed one after another and affected the whole group within one week. At the beginning of the disease, the intake of food rapidly decreased, and the skin became red, especially under the abdomen and ears; the body temperature increased to 40-42°C, the conjunctiva was flushed and cyanotic; the urine was dark yellow or brown, and the soy sauce was dark or dark yellow. With the development of the disease, the appetite of the pigs was abolished, and those with severe illness developed purple and began to die. At the author’s visit, 38 died. The necropsy pigs showed extensive superficial lymphadenopathy, severe mesenteric lymph nodes and hilar lymph nodes. The heart is boiled, pericardial effusions, stomach bleeding, ulcers, or perforations. The cecum and colon are hemorrhagic, fibrinous, or necrotic lesions. The contents of the intestine were mixed with blood, the liver was swollen, the gallbladder was mostly filled, and the bile was rice soup-like and soy sauce. Bladder mucosa showed diffuse bleeding. After 3 days of feeding, the pigs gradually resumed feeding, and at the same time 100 g/ton of feed was added to the feed. Doxycycline 200 g/ton feed for 7 days. Healed 565 heads, 20 dead and eliminated 4 heads.

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