Rapeseed deprivation in early spring is a phenomenon of premature aging, generally has the following characteristics in appearance: First, the leaves appear purple green or purple, the new leaves are small and straight, the leaves are thin, showing obvious symptoms of hypoxia; Second, the stem base Small and thin, bark skin shrinkage, skin color blue and purple, showing premature aging; Third, the growth rate significantly slowed, leaves unpleasant, normal normal length of field plots take 8 to 10 days, and off the field block It takes more than 14 days. Early failure of oilseed rape in early spring will lead to the degradation of axillary buds, resulting in an increase in the effective delivery node and a reduction in the number of branches. In the production of rapeseed, it is necessary to analyze the reasons for the early spring demolition and take corresponding measures to remedy the main measures:
The fertilizing rapeseed is a nitrogen-requiring crop. Under the condition of nitrogen deficiency, the leaf color will turn reddish, especially the winter-type oilseed rape, with large individuals, group footing, strong growth, and high consumption of fertilizer. When the temperature in early spring rises, the growth rate will increase. Accelerated, if the supply of nitrogen is not coordinated with the growth of rapeseed, the yellow color of the leaves will appear, and the early spring will be deterred and affect the spring development. Therefore, according to the situation of rapeseed deficiency, targeted fertilizers can be supplemented. That is, fertilizer is applied once in mid-January, fertilizing with 25 to 40 kg of ammonium per acre, or 1,500 to 2,000 kg of pig manure. Gutters are applied to make them effective in the early spring. If there is no application of wax fertilizer or the application amount is insufficient, it is necessary to apply green fertilizer early, and strive to apply in early or mid-February, with 8 kg of urea per acre, or 20-25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, to promote spring hair steadily.
The cultivator loosens the soil and fertilizes the seedlings in the middle of the hour to promote the occurrence of secondary roots in the middle and late stages, increase the proportion of new roots, increase the root activity and increase the absorption capacity, and at the same time, it can also improve the resistance of rape in the middle and later stages. .
Clean ditch long-term moist fields, black roots, root hair off, poor suction capacity, growth is blocked, the ground will be atrophy. Clean up the ditch system and eliminate waterlogging to reduce the soil moisture, which is conducive to the normal growth and development of the root system, and make the ground growth robust. At the same time, when cleaning the ditch, the loose soil of the ditch can be covered with the roots of the soil between the rows to promote the stable growth of the root neck and prevent lodging.
The top-dressing topdressing fertilizer by extra-root fertilizer can supplement the shortage of nutrients caused by long time of flowering in rapeseed, thus increasing the number of pods and increasing the grain weight. Generally, 0.5% urea aqueous solution and 0.2%~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50~60 kg are sprayed per mu. Rape is sensitive to boron, and the application of boron fertilizer to boron-deficient soil is an effective measure to prevent rape from “flowering but not realâ€. Therefore, when urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer are sprayed, borax can be dissolved with warm water first, and then Spraying into urea solution and spraying 0.2%~0.3% borax solution during the flowering stage have a significant effect on increasing rapeseed seed set rate and increasing yield.
Prevention of pests and diseases is an important cause of aggravating the premature failure of rape in early spring. Should pay close attention to the prevention of rape sclerotinia, downy mildew and white rust. In addition to agricultural control measures, Sclerotinia should be sprayed with 40% sclerotium net wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times from the initial stage to the flowering stage. For the prevention of downy mildew and white rust disease, the old leaves and diseased leaves of the base should be removed during the convulsive period. When the plants first see the “leading†symptoms, they are immediately cut off and burned, and sprayed with 50% thiophanate-methyl WP to 800-1000 times. Liquid, once every 5 to 7 days, 2 or 3 times in a row.
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